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A Stereograph Record 

OF 

william McKinley 

AS 

President of the United States 


by 

Bert Underwood 

STEREOGRAPHS BY 

Henry A. Strohmeyer 


i 

< 

i 

1 

Published by 

UNDERWOOD & UNDERWOOD 


New York 
Ottawa, Kan. 


London 
Toronto, Can. 








E7~i 11 
,£> 

. U5£ 

THE - l.:gRA 5 'v «F 
CC NGRF' ?, 

T wo Oot'itd l -CE've» 

APfl, ?t 1902 

OO^KICMT ENPH i 

(ZfiA.%?, tqc^ 

Cl ASS ^XXa K<i. 

39 Zlt 

OOPV 3 . 


Copyright, 1902 

By Underwood & Underwood 
New York and London 
(Entered at Stationers' Hall) 


Stereographs copyrighted in the United Statesjand 
foreign countries 


All rights\reserved 














DEDICATION 

Wishing to express our deep, personal gratitude to 
the kind President, who, by his obliging assistance, 
thoughtful interest, and ofttimes patient waiting, made 
possible this stereograph record, we reverently, 
affectionately dedicate this series to the beloved and 
imperishable memory of the illustrious William 
McKinley. 


Contents 


PAGE 

A Stereograph Record . g 

How to see Stereoscopic Photographs . g 

Educational Value. 


i. 


2. 


3 - 


4 - 


5 - 


6 . 


7 - 


8 . 


9 - 


io. 

IX. 

12 . 


13• 


14 - 


President McKinley at His Desk in the White 
House, Washington. 

President McKiniey at the Head of the Council 
Table, Cabinet Room, White House, Washing¬ 
ton . & 


President McKinley and His Eight Chosen Advis¬ 
ers—Cabinet Room, Executive Mansion, Wash¬ 
ington . 

Mrs. McKinley in the Conservatory of the Execu¬ 
tive Mansion, Washington. 

President McKinley’s Happiest Hours—With Mrs. 
McKinley in their Home Apartments, White 
House, Washington. < # 

President McKinley Delivering His Inaugural 
Address, March 4, 1897, Washington. 

The Supreme Moment—Chief-Justice Fuller Ad- 
mmistenng the Oath of Office to President Wil¬ 
liam McKinley, March 4, 1901. 

P wi de ? t ^ c ?- in !® y Vis iting Major General 
Wheeier in his Tent, Camp Wikoff, Montauk 
Point, N. Y. 

President McKinley and Major Generals Wheeler, 
Lawton, Shatter and Kiefer.. . 

McKinley and Cabinet Reviewing the 
7th Army Corps, Savannah, Georgia. 

President McKinley and the Savannah Committee, 
Savannah River, Georgia.. ’ 

T M,S.° r m T U3kege ^ Welcoming President 
McKinley, Tuskegee, Alabama. 

President McKinley, Governor Joseph E. John¬ 
ston and Booker T. Washington, Tuskegee Ala¬ 
bama . 

Girls of the Booker Washington School, Tuskegee 
Alabama; Mrs. McKinley in near carriage.... 


14 


16 


18 

20 


21 

2 


23 


25 

29 

31 

32 

33 

34 

36 





















CONTENTS I 


5 


PAG* 


President McKinley Presenting Admiral Dewey 
to the Cheering Crowds, Washington, D. C.... 37 

6 President McKinley, Alliance, Ohio,—“He was 
never so Happy as when with the Common 
People.”. 38 

17. Greeting the Children of His Old Neighbors— 
President McKinley at the Station, Canton, 
Ohio. 39 


18. “Whenever the Flag is Assailed the only Terms 
we ever make with its Assailant is Uncondition¬ 
al Surrender”—Pres. McKinley at Quincy, Ill— 41 


19. 


20. 


President McKinley Shaking Hands with the 
People of Quincy, Ill. 

President McKinley Addressing the People of 
Galesburg, Ill—the 41st Anniversary of the 
Lincoln-Douglas Debate. 


21 


Honoring their Chief—President McKinley and 
Governor Lind in the Reviewing Stand, Min¬ 
neapolis, Minn. . 


22. President McKinley at West Superior, Minn.—On 
the Western Tour, .. 


46 


47 


* 3 - 

24. 

25 - 

26. 

27. 

28. 

29. 

3 °- 

3 1 - 

32 . 

33- 


“Once Foes, now Friends Forever.” Confeder¬ 
ate Veterans, G. A. R., and Loyal Legion 
Welcoming President McKinley, Huntsville Ala. 50 

President McKinley’s Splendid Welcome to Gen. 
Wheeler’s home city, Decatur, Alabama. 5 2 

The Presidential Party and Train, between De¬ 
catur and Tuscumbia, Alabama... 53 

“ What a Mighty Power for Good is a United 
Nation!”—President McKinley at Memphis, 
Tennessee. 

President McKinley Returning the Salutes of the 
Passing Boats, River Parade, New Orleans, La. 50 

President McKinley Holding the Flag of the 

Texan Republic, Houston, Tex. DI 

On Historic Ground—President McKinley and 
Governor Sayers at Plaza Alamo, San Antonio, 

Tex. 5 

President McKinley Speaking near the Scene of 
the Alamo Massacre, San Antonio, Tex. 00 

The Safest Guardians of Liberty’s ^ 

Public Schools—Welcoming President McKin¬ 
ley, El Paso, Tex. 7 ° 

“ Keep the Flag in their Hands and Patriotism 
wfll P Stay in their Hearts.” Words of William 
McKinley, El Paso, Tex. 7 ° 

President McKinley and his Party on the Blue 
Tank Mountains, Arizona. 7 1 

















6 


CONTENTS 


34 


35 < 


3 «- 


37 . 


38 . 


39 - 


40. 


4i. 


42. 


43 - 


44. 


45 - 


46. 


47 - 


48. 


49 - 


So- 


p/ 

T £e Presidential Party Descending: the 3,000-foot 
Shaft into the Congress Gold Mine, Phoenix, 
Arizona..’ ? 

A Miner’s Little Daughter Photographing the 
President—President McKinley and his Little 
Friends of Arizona. 74 

President McKinley Addressing the People of 
Redlands from Balcony of Casa Loma Hotel, 
California.’ ^ 

President McKinley in the Land of Flowers— 
Redlands, California. 7 g 

T ke Cityof “The Angels” Greets the Nation’s 
gjef—President McKinley at Los Angeles, 

“ ™ OU if h , Rid ® r ” c °wboys Saluting President 
McKinley—Reception at Los Angeles, Cali- 
fornia . 80 

The Celestial Dragon—The Chinese Join in the 
California 0 President McKin ley, Los Angeles, 

Aged Veterans of the Soldiers’ Home, Los 
Angeles, California, Listening to President Mc¬ 
Kinley. g 3 

Civil War Veterans Escorting their former Com¬ 
rade President McKinley, at Soldiers’ Home. 

Los Angeles, California.’ 35 

Tri £ ute to a Beloved Ruler-President 
McKinley Entering Santa Barbara in a Car¬ 
nage of Roses, California. 86 

President McKinley Speaking to the Multitudes 
who Welcomed him to Santa Barbara, California 86 

President McKinley Leaving the Church after 
Addressing the Grand Army, Pacific Grove, 
California.’ 

President McKinley Addressing the People of San 
Jose, California. gi 

M r*£ inle £ Rev »ewing the 45.000 School 
Children of San Francisco—Speaking from his 
Carriage, California.... . .“ g4 

“ It is a Proud thing to do Duty for your Country” 
—President McKinley to 45 th and 46th Vols., 
fornia ned fr ° m Ph,ll PP ines « San Francisco, Cali- 

. 96 

The Presidential Tally-ho Party-President Mc- 

California Golden Gate Park ’ San Francisco, 

. 98 

P trt S /h e c 1 s P eakin ? fr om his Carriage 

to the School Children of Oakland, California... 


99 

















CONTENTS 


7 


PAGE 

51. The Engine which Carried the Nation’s Pilot— 

President McKinley’s Train Leaving Oakland, 
California. 102 

52. “ It is God’s Way ”—Mortal Remains of William 

McKinley in the White House, Sept. 17, 1901, 
Washington. 104 

53. Floral Tributes to Our Martyred President, East 

Room of the White House, Washington, D. C M 
Sept. 17, 1901. 106 

54. The Cortege Leaving the White House, President 

McKinley’s Funeral, Sept. 17, 1901, Washing¬ 
ton. 108 

55. President McKinley’s Remains Passing the U. S. 

Treasury, Washington, D. C., Sept. 17, 1901.... no 

56. Funeral Procession of the Martyred President, 

William McKinley, Passing the U. S. Treasury, 
Sept. 17, 1901, Washington. 112 

57. The Arrival of William McKinley’s Remains at 

the Court House, Sept. 18,1901, Canton, Ohio.... 113 

58. Floral Tributes Around the Receiving Vault—the 

Dead President’s Temporary Resting Pjace, 
Canton, Ohio. 115 

59. Tributes of Love from the Nation which Mourns 

the Martyred President, Canton, Ohio. 117 

60. William McKinley, President of the United States 

of America. 120 


Extract from President Roosevelt’s Message to Con¬ 
gress. 120 

Extract from Senator Foraker’s Speech. 124 

Extract from Cardinal Gibbons’ Sermon. 129 

Extract from Dr. Robert Stewart MacArthur’s Ser¬ 
mon. 131 

Extract from Dr. Robert Morris Kemp’s Sermon. 134 

Extract from Rabbi Dr. Rudolph Grossman’s Sermon 135 
Extract from Rabbi Dr. Joseph Silverman’s Sermon.. 136 


A Biography of William McKinley. 138 

Extraordinary Results from Stereoscopic Photo¬ 
graphs. *65 




















AN APPRECIATION 


Yale University, 

New Haven, Conn., Oct 19, 1901. 
Messrs. Underwood & Underwood, 

New York: 

Nearly two weeks ago I received your 
“ Stereograph Record of William McKinley.” 
It is the most interesting and valuable set of 
stereographs ever made of one man, so far as 
I know. I know of no other at all approach¬ 
ing it. Jt is an intensely interesting set for 
present perusal and enjoyment and of an 
especial value as a historical record of men 
and events. 

In no other way could the actual relations 
of a people and their ruler be so vividly por¬ 
trayed and so truthfully recorded. It is a 
story of passing events, recorded as they oc¬ 
cur, a history that adds neither flattery nor 
detraction to the facts, a history that is charm¬ 
ingly told and easily understood. 

The variety of the scenes, the moods and 
events in which the President is shown, and 
the prominent persons often with him, add 
greatly to the historical value of the series. 
As a citizen, I thank you for having thus re¬ 
corded these events, and as a teacher, thank 
you for preparing some of our history that 
may be so easily read by the coming genera¬ 
tions. 

I am, yours truly, 

Wm. H. Brewer (Ph.D.) 


A Stereograph Record 


HOW TO SEE STEREOSCOPIC PHOTOGRAPHS. 

(A) Experiment with the sliding rack which holds the 
stereographs until you find the distance that suits the 
focus of your eyes. This distance varies greatly with dif¬ 
ferent people. 

(B) Have a strong steady light on the stereograph. It 
is often best to be sitting with the back toward the window 
or lamp, letting the light fall over one shoulder on the face 
of the stereograph. 

(C) Hold the stereoscope with the hood close against 
the forehead and temples, shutting off entirely all immedi¬ 
ate surroundings. The less you are conscious of things 
close about you, the more strong will be the feeling of 
actual presence in the scenes you are studying. 

(D) Do not look over the stereograph too rapidly—this 
is the greatest mistake people make in using it. Each 
stereograph should be studied and pondered over. Usual¬ 
ly illustrations and photographs serve merely as an em¬ 
bellishment or supplement to the text or reading matter of 
the book or article. In this case that order is reversed. 
The stereographs form the real text, and all that is given 
in this book is intended as a supplement to the stereo¬ 
graphs, as a help to their proper use. Dr. Holmes well said: 
“It is a mistake to suppose that one knows a stereoscopic 
picture after he has studied it a hundred times.” There 
is such an amount of detail that we have the same sense 
of infinite complexity which nature gives us. By taking 
time to note some of these numberless details, we are help¬ 
ed as in no other way to feel that we are in the very pres¬ 
ence of the places or people represented before us. 

The sixty stereographs of which these 
pages treat are selected from several 
hundred that Mr. Strohmeyer personally 
made at important epochs during Presi¬ 
dent McKinley’s eventful administration. 

The President, appreciating the su¬ 
periority of the stereoscopic photograph, 
invited Mr. Strohmeyer to accompany 
him as official photographer on his more 
important trips. 

Excepting the latest ones, each stereo¬ 
graph was examined through the stereo- 



io A Stereograph Record 

scope by the President and received his 
personal approval before being offered 
to the public. 

As we believe books may become far 
more valuable if supplemented by in¬ 
telligently planned sets of stereographs, 
so also such series of stereographs to 
attain their greatest degree of usefulness 
should be supplemented by books. 

In this little book we have aimed to 
refresh the memory, and by the sugges¬ 
tion of one or two thoughts about each 
stereograph, to indicate how they may 
be still more fully interpreted and their 
lessons obtained if carefully studied. 

Within these covers the reader will 
find some of the President’s greatest ut¬ 
terances placed in connection with 
stereographs that Mr. Strohmeyer made 
while the speeches were being delivered. 
The pages succeeding the stereograph 
descriptions contain some tributes of not¬ 
able men to the memory of William Mc¬ 
Kinley. 

To fully appreciate a visit to any place 
of note one must, of course, be familiar 
with the history or circumstances which 
make it worthy of note, so also we can¬ 
not justly appreciate visiting a famous 
personage or seeing him on important 
occasions unless we have previously 
made ourselves familiar with his char¬ 
acter and career. For the benefit of 
those who have not already familiarized 
themselves with the life of William Mc¬ 
Kinley we give after the quoted tributes 
a short biographical sketch. 


of William McKinley. 


ii 


Thinking that, from the use of these 
stereographs of President McKinley, 
some may be led to desire a larger in¬ 
sight into stereoscopic principles, we 
have devoted the final pages to an article 
copied from The Stereoscopic Photograph , 
a magazine devoted to the advancement 
of stereoscopic ideas. This article treats 
of the distinctive nature and the extra¬ 
ordinary results to be gained by the use 
of stereoscopic photographs. It is 
worthy of careful reading. 

EDUCATIONAL VALUE. 

A large and steadily increasing num¬ 
ber of people are becoming well assured, 
from personal experience, of the im¬ 
portant uses stereoscopic photographs 
may be made to serve, not only by bring¬ 
ing the world and its wonders directly 
to the home and school in a most real 
visual sense, but also as records of inter¬ 
esting historical events. Many educators 
are coming to realize that stereoscopic 
photographs should be made a standard 
factor in the work of our schools. 

It seems indeed remarkable that series 
of stereographs recording the careers of 
distinguished personages have never 
been attempted before; we believe, how¬ 
ever, the time is close at hand when 
these will be frequent. Surely it is pos¬ 
sible to make such a series of the im¬ 
portant events of a great man’s life as 
will add many fold to the value of any 
biography. The stereograph permanent¬ 
ly records absolute facts more vividly 


12 A Stereograph Recorm\ 

and accurately than is possible in an> 
other way. Moreover, the stereograph 
record has surpassing merit in other im¬ 
portant respects, such as being under¬ 
stood and enjoyed by those of a greater 
diversity of ages, and by fastening, as 
all good object-teaching does, its lessons 
upon the mind as no word-descriptions 
can do. No one could ever forget after 
looking at such a stereograph as “ Wil¬ 
liam McKinley greeting the children of 
his old neighbors at Canton ” that he I 
was the very opposite from the stiff and 
formal official who is anxious to impress ' 
upon others his importance and dignity. 
Throughout the centuries these stereo¬ 
graphs will be absolute proof that Wil¬ 
liam McKinley was so great a man that 
after the Nation had bestowed its highest 
honors upon him he still remained the 
genial, kind-hearted, approachable gen¬ 
tleman. 

If in the coming centuries the Nation’s 
President should unhappily become, by 
choice or necessity, a personage in a 
measure separated from the “ common ” 
people, in those unfortunate days they 
would know from this stereograph record 
that back in the beginning of the 
twentieth century, even the illustrious 
William McKinley, the most distin¬ 
guished ruler of his time, was content 
to go about among his fellow country¬ 
men with no outside show of being other 
than a private citizen of the Republic. 

How frequently the related details of 
some past incident in the life of a famous 



of William McKinley. 13 

man are doubted. In time people become 
skeptical of even the incident and come 
to look upon it as a myth, first told only 
to illustrate and exaggerate some popu¬ 
lar idea of the hero’s character or dispo¬ 
sition. But one cannot doubt the ve¬ 
racity of a story told by the stereograph. 

Our aim has been to bring out the 
varied characteristics of William Mc¬ 
Kinley, to give a closer insight into his 
life, not only as President, but as citizen, 

I husband, neighbor and friend, and there¬ 
fore to give a most impressive object-les¬ 
son of an almost ideal American charac¬ 
ter. But we hope these stereographs 
will do more than bring us closer to the 
late President, that they will help us to 
feel familiar with the life and duties of 
all our Presidents, and thus we shall be 
more able to sympathize with their ef- 
j forts in the service of the ^American 
people. 

How far, by President McKinley’s 
kind favor, we have accomplished our de¬ 
sires, we must leave those to decide who 
thoughtfully peruse these stereographs. 
Each one of these views should become 
to us like a chapter in a book. We be¬ 
lieve there is inspiration to be obtained 
from some of these stereographs which 
cannot be found in many chapters of 
most books, and earnestly request any 
doubter to study them deliberately and 
thoughtfully through the stereoscope and 
to take careful note of the mental im¬ 
pressions he obtains. 

First let us take up the stereograph 



I 4 A Stereograph Record 

i. President McKinley at His Desk in 
the White House. 

This was the first time the President 
ever posed for our operator, or, for that 
matter, it is the first time any stereo- 
grapher ever photographed any Presi¬ 
dent in the White House. 

And what makes this, our first close 
stereograph of the President, more im¬ 
portant is that it was made on that fateful 
February 15th, 1898. Only a few hours 
later the noble battleship Maine with two 
hundred and sixty of our brave officers 
and sailors went down in Havana har¬ 
bor, all victims of as dastardly treachery 
as history records. 

The President had already served over 
eleven months at the time we see him 
sitting here. During these months fate 
had thrust upon him perhaps more per¬ 
plexing questions and graver responsi¬ 
bilities than any other President (except¬ 
ing Lincoln) had had to deal with. 

Looking through the stereoscope we 
seem veritably with the President; and 
may we not by frequent use of the present 
tense , here and in future places, invite 
your attention to the unfading NOW of 
realities, historic, yet embalmed in the 
stereoscopic treasury of truth? We are 
standing by the side of his desk. Look 






of William McKinley. 15 

at the strong, firm, calm face; study the 
features carefully, the large nose, square 
jaw, firm but kindly mouth, thoughtful 
eyes, overhung by the heavy and high 
brow. There is purpose in this face. 
After seeing the President here so close 
to us, we realize as never before how 
false those are who call him weak. The 
yellow journals, in their persistent at¬ 
tempts to misrepresent as much as possi¬ 
ble, have already called him weakling and 
coward. Later, when the terrible event 
of this very day shall have justified him 
in taking the steps which his detractors 
have before this recklessly advised, in¬ 
consistent as usual, they will as unjustly 
call him bloodthirsty. 

Those kindly eyes seem as though they 
might be looking into the future. Is 
there some premonition of the awful ca¬ 
lamity that is to come in a few hours ? 

You notice we are in the President’s 
workroom. This old, worn table has been 
used by many Presidents. That fine, old- 
fashioned marble mantle reminds us that 
the White House is a comfortable, 
though not over-elegant home for our 
chief magistrates. That package of docu¬ 
ments on the desk (which the President 
will open as soon as this sitting is fin¬ 
ished) probably contains matter concern- 




16 A Stereograph Record 

ing the Cuban-Spanish trouble, for this 
is the all-absorbing question of the time. 

How much more interesting to meet 
the President here at his working desk 
than in a formal way at some state re¬ 
ception. 

Now let us see the President two years 
later, this time in the Cabinet room. 

2. President McKinley at the Head ot 
the Council Table. 

Those steady, calm eyes are not look¬ 
ing this time into the future, but into 
the present, in fact, right into our eyes; 
and one can see delineated in his face 
that these two years of weighty responsi¬ 
bilities have made him even more stable 
and safe than at first, have broadened 
and ennobled his character, as happens 
indeed to every man who meets difficult 
duties bravely and conscientiously per¬ 
forms them. As we see him here he is 
not greater in renown simply, he is 
greater in fact than he was two years 
ago. His policies have been seriously, 
exhaustively, prayerfully thought out 
and then fearlessly put into execution. 
Under his guiding supervision our Army 
and Navy have won victories at every 
point; and not only his fellow country¬ 
men, but the whole world, realize at 
this moment that William McKinley has 


of William McKinley. 17 

proved himself both a strong and safe 
man. Another exciting political cam¬ 
paign is just before him, but his com¬ 
posed countenance seems to indicate a 
confidence that by their ballots the Amer¬ 
ican people will show their approval of 
his achievements. 

Over in that glass case hangs the 
private presidential flag. That globe re¬ 
minds us that since William McKinley 
became President, we can no longer 
confine our interests and policies to one 
hemisphere, that we have become indeed 
a world power. Our destiny is onward. 
Expanding as we had from the very first, 
we were not to stop simply because we 
had reached the shores of the Pacific. 

We may know that the Cabinet meets 
to-day, for a bouquet similar to the beau¬ 
tiful one we see on this table is sent up 
by the chief gardener every morning be¬ 
fore such a meeting. And think of the 
momentous affairs of state that in the 
past hundred years have been discussed 
around this table! Some were never 
heard of outside this confidential room, 
some widely advocated policies have for¬ 
tunately received their death knell here. 
Even though the President were not be¬ 
fore us, an opportunity to look into this 
room with all its associations would be 


18 A Stereograph Record 

a rare treat; but of course it is vastly 
more so when the chief executive sits in 
his place. Evidently some papers are 
thrown into the waste basket in the Cab¬ 
inet room. The President has already 
consigned a few there this morning. He 
has come early to look over and get in 
touch with a few documents before the 
members of his Cabinet assemble. As 
it is now time for their arrival, let us 
step back a little and make way for them 
to enter. While we do so some one 
comes in and hands the President a 
beautiful carnation. It has been sent up 
by Mrs. McKinley, who, it seems, has 
gone down to the conservatory. 

Before the Cabinet are all seated, we 
will take a look at 

3 . President McKinley and His Eight 
Chosen Advisors. 

Commencing at our right, in the order 
named, we have before us, besides the 
President, Hon. John Hay, of Ohio, Sec¬ 
retary of State; Hon. Elihu Root, of 
New York, Secretary of War; Hon. 
Charles Emory Smith, of Pennsylvania, 
Postmaster General; Hon. Nathan A. 
Hitchcock, of Missouri, Secretary of In¬ 
terior ; Hon. James Wilson, of Iowa, Sec¬ 
retary of Agriculture; Hon. John D. 
Long, of Massachusetts, Secretary of the 


of William McKinley. 


19 


Navy; Han. John W. Griggs, of New 
Jersey, Attorney General; Hon. Lyman 
J. Gage, of Illinois, Secretary of the 
Treasury. 

We are looking upon a cabinet here 
which has had to face questions more 
difficult, which has rendered decisions 
more important in influencing the future 
of our nation than those of any cabinet 
since that other famous one of Lincoln’s. 
We know somewhat of how ably these 
great men have performed their tasks 
under the guidance of their gifted leader. 
Their careers are not finished, and it will 
pay us to study closely the distinguished 
faces, each different, yet each a splendid 
type of the new American race. See if 
by doing so we do not conclude that we 
have obtained a more vivid acquaintance 
with each one (of the characteristics of 
each) than we could have obtained from 
any written description. It is an ex¬ 
ceptional privilege to be able to study 
at our leisure these men as they are as¬ 
sembled in this room, hallowed by so 
many associations. Visitors at the White 
House of course are not allowed even to 
glance in here during a session of the 
Cabinet, yet we, with no fear of offend¬ 
ing, may scan these faces until we have 
noted every similarity and every differ- 


20 


A Stereograph Record 


ence. The President has moved his chair 
back a little, while the Cabinet members 
have been coming in, and we can see the 
documents he has been looking over on 
the table; and we notice, too, that he has 
placed Mrs. McKinley’s sweet little token 
carefully in the lapel of his coat. 

Let us look in, down stairs, where this 
carnation came from, and see 

4. Mrs. McKinley in the White House 
Conservatory. 

Mrs. McKinley especially loves flow¬ 
ers, and this is her frequent resting place. 
Too frail to walk much among them, she 
has this chair (it is her favorite chair) 
brought down stairs from her room, and 
she sits here enjoying the flowers and the 
glow of the warm sunlight. Now and 
then she walks among them to look 
closer at some new bud or blossom and 
enjoy its fragrance and beauty, but she 
soon returns to this seat to rest. What 
could be a more appropriate surrounding 
for this frail, sweet woman than these 
delicate, sweet blossoms! Here is the 
very perfume of the President’s life. Rest 
assured he is in Mrs. McKinley’s 
thoughts as she sits before us, and as he 
pores over his papers up stairs he can see 
her in his mind just as we see her now; 
for he often looks in to greet her in this 


of IVilliam McKinley. 


21 


favored bower. But after the Cabinet 
has adjourned, and after the President 
has reviewed alone the weightier mat¬ 
ters of state, then come 

5 . President McKinley's Happiest 
Hours with Mrs. McKinley in 
Their Home Apartments. 

He is the most tender of husbands. 
We, his countrymen, have learned to 
love the great, strong man so full of 
health more than we ever could have 
done simply from his masterly handling 
of great questions of state, because we 
know that he is gentle and true to his 
frail, invalid wife. He never takes up 
the business of the day without first 
spending a few minutes in her room; and 
he takes his luncheon with her, if nec¬ 
essary, by her bedside. He never leaves 
the White House without first bidding 
her good-by. “ Sentimental,” does some 
one say? Yes, beautifully sentimental. 
This world would be a terribly cold place 
for an invalid if it were not for sentiment. 
Mr. McKinley here is a noble and strik¬ 
ing example of the ideal American hus¬ 
band. No other people show their wives 
such respect and love, and they are re¬ 
warded by having wives famous the 
world over as worthy of love and rever¬ 
ence. This look into the home life of our 


22 


A Stereograph Record 

President ought to make us more careful 
to have the same gentle consideration pre¬ 
vail in our own homes. Look again at these 
features. All trace of business care has 
vanished from the President’s face when 
in her presence, and instead it wears a 
gentle look of love; and Mrs. McKinley’s 
delicate face is lighted up with happiness, 
as it always is when her husband is with 
her. We have other prized stereographs 
of Mrs. McKinley, and many of the 
President; but we are glad of this one 
with its lesson. 

Now let us go back and witness the 
great ceremony when William McKinley 
firsc became President of these United 
States, March 4, 1897. 

6 . President McKinley Delivering His 
Inaugural Address. 

We have chosen a position on the out¬ 
skirts of this throng so as to obtain a 
better idea of its vastness. The people 
extend far beyond our vision both to the 
right and the left. See how they swarm 
the great steps and balconies of the Capi¬ 
tol. To our right, so far away that we 
can not recognize his features, on that 
portion of the draped platform that is 
raised above the rest, stands the new 
President. Close to his right (our left) 
sits a man wearing a tall silk hat. That 


2 3 


of William McKinley. 

is Grover Cleveland, the retiring Presi¬ 
dent. As Mr. McKinley tells this great 
multitude what his policy and purposes 
will be during the coming four years, he 
little realizes that his term will be the 
most eventful, barring one, that this 
country has ever experienced. While 
this multitude of his supporters is full 
of loyal enthusiasm, as indeed from his 
distinguished service in the past they 
have reason to be; yet for this vastly 
greater position he must be proved. We 
to-day know how he bore the test, and 
what an unexpectedly severe test it was. 

Now, before seeing the President dur¬ 
ing some of the most thrilling moments 
of his first term, let us jump over just 
four years to his second inauguration, 
March 4th, 1901. And as we before chose 
to look from a distance, let us now stand 
upon the scaffolding which has been 
erected by the architect of the Capitol 
exclusively for Mr. Strohmeyer and 
the stereoscopic camera. It is many feet 
nearer than any other stand erected for 
any purpose ; therefore our view should 
be a good one. We are here at 
7 . The Supreme Moment—Chief Justice 
Fuller with Uplifted Hand Admin¬ 
istering the Oath of Office for a 
Second Time to William McKinley . 

The President’s hand rests reverently 


24 


A Stereograph Record 


on the open Bible as he repeats after the 
Chief Justice the solemn words of the 
oath, “ I, William McKinley, do solemn¬ 
ly swear that I will faithfully execute the 
office of President of the United States 
and will, to the best of my ability, pre¬ 
serve, protect and defend the constitution 
of the United States.” Instead of retir¬ 
ing at the end of his term he has been 
elected to succeed himself, a testimony 
of approval that has not been extended 
to any President since Grant, and but 
seven times before in the Country’s his¬ 
tory; and this time he has been elected 
by a plurality of 832,280 votes, which is 
much larger than any President has ever 
before received. It takes a strong char¬ 
acter not to be endangered by such ap¬ 
proval, but William McKinley is such a 
character. 

This year we see they have built up a 
temporary balcony over the President’s 
stand, and of course this year the retir¬ 
ing and the incoming President are both 
personified in one. 

Behind the President and to the right 
stands probably the most noteworthy 
type of American vigor that can be found 
in vigorous America to-day. It is 
McKinley’s running mate, Theodore 
Roosevelt, who, just a few moments ago 


2 5 


of William McKinley. 

in the Senate Chamber, took the Vice- 
Presidential oath. As he stands here 
how little is it thought that so soon, 
through the most terrible crime of the 
age, he is to become the Chief Magistrate 
of the Nation. Truly man proposes, God 
disposes. 

The official who stands farther to the 
right, next to these pillars, is the Ser- 
geant-at-Arms of the U. S. Senate, Hon. 
D. M. Ramsdel. The one holding the 
Bible is the Clerk of the Supreme Court, 
Hon. James H. McKenney. We are in¬ 
deed fortunate to obtain such a position 
from which to observe this the most im¬ 
portant ceremony of the Nation. 

We have now seen the President in his 
home and during his regular and usual 
duties, and also have been at both his 
inaugurations. Let us next look at a 
scene which will recall to our minds the 
stirring events that were transpiring dur¬ 
ing his first term. 

8 . President McKinley Visiting Major 
General Wheeler in his Tent, Camp 
Wikoff, Montank Point, hong Is¬ 
land. 

To the left of the President are Secre¬ 
tary of War Alger, General Wheeler and 
Colonel Hard of the 8th Ohio, which 
regiment was recruited in and around 



2 6 A Stereograph Record 

Canton and was known as “ The Presi¬ 
dent’s Own.” 

In the summer of 1898 many of our 
soldiers were ordered back from Cuba 
to Montauk Point, Long Island. We 
remember how the severe campaign and 
trying climate, both of which our volun¬ 
teer troops were entirely unused to, had 
weakened even those of the strongest 
constitution. The average soldier landed 
at Montauk on the verge of typhoid, 
while the physically weaker ones were 
already down with fever of a more or 
less serious form. The country’s nerves 
were already strained to a point of ten¬ 
sion by the generally exaggerated re¬ 
ports of privation and inefficient treat¬ 
ment of the soldiers at the hands of the 
commissary department in the field; 
others now followed about the conditions 
in this camp, so that there was a great 
outcry. This is not the place nor would 
it be our wish to go into the merits of 
this vexed question. Undoubtedly 
yellow journalism, in its endeavor 
to create a feverish desire for news, 
inflamed the public by exaggerated 
reports of the unsatisfactory conditions. 
It should be remembered that the sol¬ 
diers, officers and commissary were in¬ 
experienced, and all had tremendous dif- 


of William McKinley. 


27 


ficulties to encounter; therefore, proba¬ 
bly all were at fault. War at best is 
stern and terrible. Brave young fellows 
from comfortable homes all over the 
land faced death on the battlefield with¬ 
out complaint, but protested bitterly 
against the severe hardships of weeks of 
camp life to which their constitutions had 
not been hardened. When these protests 
were numerous, you will remember the 
President went to Long Island with Sec¬ 
retary of War Alger to see personally 
just what the conditions were and to di¬ 
rect relief as quickly as possible. We 
see him here as the guest of General Joe 
Wheeler, who was in command of the 
camp. In spite of very prompt and 
efficient efforts to improve the condition 
of the soldiers, it was months before the 
effects of the malarious, hot climate of 
Cuba were out of their systems. For a 
time even the administration seemed un¬ 
der a cloud, but we know how the com¬ 
mon sense and justice of the American 
people prevailed, and it was recognized 
that suffering, sickness and death were 
among the inevitable perils of such a 
hurried campaign in a tropical climate. 
Seeing the President here will remind us 
of how diligently he kept at his duty in 
dark as well as in sunny times. 


28 


A Stereograph Record 


Before witnessing the President with 
more of our military heroes let us direct 
our attention to another distinguished 
feature of Mr. McKinley’s presidential 
career. No other President ever went 
out among the people so much or made 
such extended trips to the farthest ex¬ 
tremities of the Country, north, south, 
east, west. At the commencement of 
his tern, the Country was divided by 
sectional feeling into three great parts. 
The West had become in a measure 
estranged from its old ally the East, and 
the misunderstanding was growing mare 
and more; while the South was still dis¬ 
trustful of the North and expected and 
received very little consideration from 
northern statesmen. It became President 
McKinley’s ambition to bring the coun¬ 
try together during his term, and the 
furthering of this purpose was one 
special reason for which his extended 
trips were made. A brilliant offhand 
speaker, thoroughly cultured, with a mar¬ 
velous tact which made it possible for 
him at all times to so adapt himself to 
his surroundings as to win the esteem 
and friendship of both the greatest and 
the humblest, Mr. McKinley was re¬ 
markably fitted to carry out this great 
work. He was ever clear and frank 


29 


of William McKinley. 

in his statements, yet always courteous, 
and through it all there was conspicuous¬ 
ly evident the kind-hearted, sincere, 
Christian gentleman. 

We will take up here only the three 
principal tours. First, his trip into the 
South, made early in the winter of ’98, 
partly to meet some of the officers and 
soldiers of his army and partly to get 
into personal touch with the southern 
people. We shall look at a few charac¬ 
teristic scenes on this trip. 

9 . President McKinley and Major Gen¬ 
erals Wheeler, I^awton, Shatter 
and Kiefer . 

This stereograph was made on a 
steamer in Savannah River, near Savan¬ 
nah, during the review of the Seventh 
Army Corps. It is certainly an interest¬ 
ing group: President McKinley, Com¬ 
mander in Chief of the United States 
forces, and four of his famous generals. 
We all admire and love Major General 
Wheeler, whom we recognize again, 
nearest us on our right. The famous 
fighting Joe Wheeler of the Confederate 
Army has now become even more fa¬ 
mous, patriotically fighting for the old 
flag and liberty. Among the heroes of 
our Spanish War none will stand out 
more conspicuously than this Christian 


30 


A Stereograph Record 


soldier and statesman. Just back of the 
President stands Major General Law- 
ton (also a conspicuous Christian officer) 
tall and straight, every inch a soldier, 
as brave a fighter even as Joe Wheeler, 
and with a record as brilliant though not 
so long. Within less than a year this 
noble life will be sacrificed on a Philip¬ 
pine battlefield. His name, too, will 
stand among the greatest of our war 
heroes. Next to Lawton stands Major 
General Shafter, a distinguished veteran 
of the Civil War, to whom Congress had 
already voted special honors. He was 
the Commander in Chief in the trying 
Cuban Campaign, and justly shares the 
laurels of victory. The fourth is Major 
General Kiefer of Ohio, also an officer 
in the Civil War. He was later a dis¬ 
tinguished member of Congress for a 
number of terms, and for one term 
speaker of the House of Representatives. 
Looking through the stereoscope we al¬ 
most forget that we are not standing with 
these distinguished personages on the 
steamer’s deck. What could bring back 
to our minds these events of the Cuban 
Campaign so quickly and so vividly as 
does this living group ? 

Let us next see 


of William McKinley. 31 

to. President McKinley and Cabinet 
Reviewing the Seventh Army 
Corps at Savannah, Ga., Decem¬ 
ber 17th, 1898. 

This corps is soon to go to Cuba to 
relieve the army which has been through 
the trying summer campaign of 1898. 
Though the war is over, a large army 
will be necessary for many months to 
come, for Cuba is in a most restless and 
disorganized condition. 

The President is in the act of saluting 
the colors. Whenever one of the regi¬ 
mental flags is passing, the President re¬ 
moves his hat. Every soldier marches 
with gun at “ present arms ” and every 
officer with sword lowered as he passes 
the President’s stand. We recognize 
Secretary Gage standing just back of the 
President. The gentleman behind the 
Secretary, with his face turned away, is 
Major General Kiefer. He is in com¬ 
mand of this corps of troops. Looking 
past and in front of General Kiefer we 
see the profile of Secretary Long. Look¬ 
ing back of and beyond General Kiefer, 
that officer wearing a cap is Major Gen¬ 
eral Shafter. The tall young man wear¬ 
ing a silk hat, who stands immediately 
back of General Kiefer, is Adelbert Hay, 
the son of the Secretary of State. We 
remember that a few months later Secre- 


32 


A Stereograph Record 

tary Hay sent this son, barely twenty- 
one years old, to fill the delicate and 
important position of Consul General to 
Pretoria, South Africa. After ably rep¬ 
resenting the United States during the 
most trying part of the British-Boer 
War he returned on a vacation and 
while attending an Alumni reunion at 
Yale University he was accidently killed 
by falling from a window of the hotel. 
It was a sad ending to what promised 
to be a brilliant career. 

Before leaving Savannah let us see 

ii. President McKinley and the Savan¬ 
nah Committee. 

We are on the steamer Estelle, 
Savannah River. Most of these gentle¬ 
men taking the President on a pleasant 
excursion are Confederate Army vet¬ 
erans. While the young man, William 
McKinley, as private and officer, was 
braving death to uphold the old flag 
in Georgia, they were fighting with as 
grim a determination to tear it down and 
keep it down forever. Happily the for¬ 
tunes of war and greater resources gave 
young McKinley’s side the ultimate vic¬ 
tory, and here we see Old Glory, the 
Nation’s sacred emblem of government, 
still floating in the Georgia breeze; and 
thank God every one who stands there 


of William McKinley. 


33 


under it is a loyal citizen. These two gen¬ 
tlemen nearest us and to our right are 
good types of the fine old southern “aris¬ 
tocrats.” We would know they were 
southerners even if we had met them in 
the North. The President especially re¬ 
quested Mr. Strohmeyer to stereograph 
him with this committee. It certainly is 
a reminder of the happy change in the 
sentiments of the people for a united 
country. 

12. The Mayor of Tuskegee, Ala¬ 
bama, Welcoming the President. 

Here again we are in a favored posi- 
i tion, for we can study the features of 
both the host and his distinguished 
guests. Governor Johnston of Alabama 
i sits next to the President. We notice 
! that the Governor and the other gen- 
; tlemen along the seat are evidently both- 
i ered by the sunlight. Possibly the shadow 
on some of the faces is due to the length 
of Mayor Cunningham’s speech, consid- 
! ering that they know the sun is shining 
even more directly in the President’s 
i face; but the President never takes his 
eyes off the speaker. He realizes that 
it is the old Mayor’s half hour, and not 
for one instant does he relax the most 
interested attention. There shall be no 
suggestion from his manner that part 



34 


A Stereograph Record 


of the carefully prepared welcome might 
to advantage be omitted. His is a nature 
that can honestly enjoy giving pleasure 
even if at considerable sacrifice of com¬ 
fort. The little girl at this end of the 
bench is evidently more interested in us 
than in the Mayor’s speech. 

But the President has not come to 
Tuskegee primarily to visit the little 
town. His principal object is to visit 
the famous institution of industry and 
learning, which was founded and is being 
so successfully carried on by the won¬ 
derful negro, Booker T. Washington. 
Probably no other person is doing so 
much to solve the great negro problem. 

Passing to the buildings of the institu¬ 
tion, which are two miles away, we look 
at the occupants of a stand that the ne¬ 
groes have erected and decorated in 
honor of their President. We see be¬ 
fore us, 

13. President McKinley, Governor 

Joseph E. Johnston and Booker 
T. Washington . 

This is indeed a unique scene in the 
South. A negro in the place of honor 
along with two such distinguished white 
men. Probably Governor Johnston, the 
old Confederate soldier, was never in a 
similar position before. We see that the 


of William McKinley. 


35 


President is looking directly into the 
camera and it seems to us he is standing 
especially erect, as though to show he 
was proud of his company, and it cer¬ 
tainly would be difficult for him to find 
two more worthy representatives of the 
two races in our southern states. All 
along President McKinley has been treat¬ 
ing the southerners with a generous jus¬ 
tice that northerners seldom bestow. He 
has shown a confidence in the patriotism, 
valor and judgment of southern citizens 
by giving into their charge some of the 
most arduous and honorable positions 
during the Spanish War; with a broad¬ 
minded justice he has publicly recog¬ 
nized the valor and the sincerity of the 
Confederate soldiers, and advised that 
hereafter the Union and Confederate 
graves be decorated together. But while 
doing his utmost to win the South back 
to love for the old flag he does not intend 
that the rights of the negro are to be 
sacrificed to do it. He desires, it seems 
to us, that this stereograph shall tell them 
this. 

To our left, back of the three most 
prominent figures, but still on the same 
platform, we see again the familiar face 
of the Hon. Joe Wheeler, the one time 
Confederate but now United States Gen- 


36 A Stereograph Record 

cral. To our extreme right, sitting on this 
same platform, we recognize the Hon. 
Lyman J. Gage, Secretary of the Treas¬ 
ury, who has, during his term of office, 
seen the great financial institution he 
presides over become the most prosper¬ 
ous in the world. Veritably prejudices 
and “ times ” do change. 

Let us now take a position on the 
stand, and from there we shall see the 

14. Girls of the Booker T. Washing¬ 
ton School, Tnskegee. 

They are passing in review before their 
President, their Governor and their 
benefactor. 

One can hardly realize that the grand¬ 
parents of these young women were 
reared in ignorance, absolutely subject 
to the will of an owner. Surely rank, or 
wealth, or color does not make the noble¬ 
man, but a meritorious life. In the car¬ 
riage just below us we see the refined 
features of Mrs. McKinley. Her strength 
will seldom permit her to take part 
in ceremonies or festivities, but she has 
come out to-day to see these young 
women who are trying so bravely to 
make themselves more capable of being 
useful in the world. 

In the fall of 1899 there took place in 
Washington one of the most interesting 


37 


of William McKinley. 

ceremonies resulting from the war. We 
will now witness on Oct. 3rd, 1899, the 
President and the people honoring the 
hero of Manila Bay. 

15 . President McKinley Presenting 
Admiral Dewey to the People. 

Our position is a near one, that we 
may study the features of the two princi¬ 
pal characters. 

The ceremonies are taking place on the 
east steps of the Capitol, and the ar¬ 
rangements, decorations and throngs are 
very similar to those of a President’s In¬ 
auguration. 

We all remember with what tremen¬ 
dous enthusiasm Admiral Dewey was re¬ 
ceived by the Nation. This reception at 
Washington was the greatest honor and 
the one that was most fitting. Here we 
have together the Commander in Chief 
and his first Admiral. The one had been 
the leader in planning the most uni¬ 
versally successful war in our history, 
the other had achieved its most signal 
victory, one of the most brilliantly suc¬ 
cessful naval triumphs ever recorded. 
They are now standing while the vast 
crowd cheers the President’s introduc¬ 
tory words which glow with generous, 
even affectionate praise. See how 
frankly pleased the President is, and how 


3 « 


A Stereograph Record 


careful he is to keep the Admiral to the 
front. Admiral Dewey is the hero of the 
hour, and President McKinley does not 
take any of the applause as for himself. 
From the Admiral’s downcast, modest 
look we would judge that the mighty 
shout of welcome, while pleasing, is at 
the same time a trying ordeal to stand 
through. Notice he has backed away 
from the front as far as the President 
will permit. The Admiral could face 
shot and shell with a much straighter 
glance than this bombardment of glory. 

We will now look at a few scenes of 
the President’s trip through the Mid¬ 
dle West during the fall of 1899. 

16. President McKinley, Alliance, Ohio. 
He is never so Happy as when 
with the Common People. 

The President is standing at the end 
of his private car. He meets many thou¬ 
sands just in this way. At the smaller 
towns, and where the stops are short, he 
cannot well leave the train, but he 
knows the people want to see him, and 
his is a nature that peculiarly enjoys giv¬ 
ing pleasure to others. He is always out 
on the platform in time, ready to grasp 
the hands of those within reach, even 
though the stop is but for a moment. 
His is too great a soul to ever need to 



of William McKinley. 


39 


assume dignity. Instinctively a gentle¬ 
man, he therefore always shows it. 

We recognize the other gentlemen 
on the platform of the car, the 
larger one as Secretary of Agriculture 
Wilson, the other, Secretary of the In¬ 
terior Hitchcock. We can readily see 
the appropriateness of having both these 
gentlemen with him on this trip into the 
richest agricultural districts in the in¬ 
terior of our country. The gentleman in 
the doorway is President McKinley’s 
gifted private secretary, George B. Cor- 
telyou, who accompanies the President 
wherever he goes. 

We here obtain a new insight into the 
President’s character that we can never 
forget. It is doubtful if the more im¬ 
posing occasions on which we shall see 
him later will prove more profitable or 
interesting; so let us witness one more 
impromptu reception, then we can better 
understand the man when we shall see 
him in the midst of more formal circum¬ 
stances. We go a few miles west of Al¬ 
liance, to the President’s home at Can¬ 
ton, and see him 

if. Greeting the Children of His Old 
Neighbors. 

How they are storming the car to 
shake hands, and the President of the 


40 


A Stereograph Record 


greatest republic the world has ever 
known is bending way over to reach a lit¬ 
tle tot’s hand. That little girl will remem¬ 
ber and be proud of that handshake as 
long as she lives. We wish our children to 
be patriotic and to love their country. 
Where is there another ruler on the 
face of the globe who would bend him¬ 
self nearly double in an effort to reach 
in friendly grasp one little hand? It 
would have been accomplished more for¬ 
mally, if at all, in any other country. 
These children would have been made 
to “ know their place.” We Americans 
possibly lack “ dignity,” and we do not 
always teach our children “ correct form ” 
perhaps, by doing part of the reaching 
ourselves, but it does make them love us, 
and their President too. There is a 
hundred times more honest heart in that 
reach, and in this rush of youngsters, 
than in any European ruler’s formal 
review. 

And we would rather have him so. 
Some carping “ yellow ” journals have 
called him “ Emperor! ” If they had said 
“ Father ” it would have come much 
nearer the mark. 

Continuing our journey let us see the 
President addressing the people on Octo¬ 
ber 6, 1899, at Quincy, Illinois. 




of William McKinley. 41 

18. “ Whenever the Flag is Assailed the 
only Terms we ever make with 
the Assailant are Unconditional 
Surrender.” 

We remember that the revolt in the 
Philippines had dragged wearily on and 
the people had become so tired of war 
that many thoughtlessly clamored for 
its end whatever the sacrifice or humilia¬ 
tion. It was in the speeches of this 
western trip that the President came out 
and clearly proclaimed his policy of no 
compromise. 

The Secretary to the President, Mr. 
Cortelyou, informs us that this stereo¬ 
graph shows Mr. McKinley in his most 
characteristic speaking attitude. Certain¬ 
ly one cannot look at this striking and 
perfectly posed figure without realizing 
that the President must feel perfectly at 
ease and a master of his theme. 

As soon as this address is over, thou¬ 
sands of the people will want to shake 
the hand of the President. While this 
would become very tedious to most men, 
William McKinley heartily enjoys it. 

iq. President McKinley Shaking 
Hands with the People of Quincy. 

Notice the gentleman this side of Mr. 
McKinley. The President’s genial words 
and engaging smiles are so attractive 


42 A Stereograph Record 

that people are tempted to linger too 
long; so a local committee-man is se¬ 
lected to keep the people moving in order* 
that as many as possible may have the 
satisfaction of clasping the President’s 
hand. We can see a look of pleased sat¬ 
isfaction on the face of this first boy 
that is indeed quite natural. What boy 
would not be glad to shake hands with 
President McKinley? The second little 
fellow is looking squarely into the Presi¬ 
dent’s face. Apparently the President 
still retains his hand. 

But there is a very sad parallel to this 
pleasant scene. That gentleman in the 
stand leaning over, with his back toward 
us, and wearing a derby hat, is the secret 
service man, Foster. He is carefully 
watching the on-coming line, to see that 
no suspicious characters approach the 
President. Mr. Foster was acting in 
the same capacity nearly two years 
later. The same kind of procession was 
moving by the President, the conditions 
were very similar excepting that instead 
of being out of doors the people walked 
in line into a building to meet the Presi¬ 
dent. It was also just this same sort of a 
light-hearted, pleased, holiday throng, 
young and old, eager to greet their chief 
magistrate. Alas! not all; there was just 


43 


of William McKinley. 

one in all that throng into whose soul 
Satan had entered and filled it with hate. 
A young man with his right hand 
wrapped up, apparently injured, came 
along the line. He had a boyish, inno¬ 
cent face, and no one could see the devil 
that was in his heart. He passed on by 
detective Foster. The young man held 
out his uninjured left hand toward the 
President and Mr. McKinley kindly 
leaned forward to grasp it: A shot 
was heard, then quickly another, 
and the President staggered and 
fell. The Buffalo Exposition will go 
down in history as the scene of 
the most dastardly crime of the age. 
President McKinley went up and down 
as Chief Magistrate of the Nation, greet¬ 
ing the people everywhere just as we see 
him doing here at Quincy, without any 
guard, for over four years before he 
came upon a wretch mean enough to 
kill him. Considering our “ yellow ” 
press, and the way we have allowed 
anarchy to gather from all parts of the 
globe and make itself nests in different 
parts of our land, it seems incredible that 
it did not occur before. In no other land 
could a ruler have lived so long if ex¬ 
posed so constantly and freely. Must 
we in future give up this close, unre- 


44 


A Stereograph Record 


stricted intercourse with our chosen chief 
citizen and surround him with military 
barriers and pomp; or can we not even 
now put up the bars and allow only the 
intelligent, industrious and moral to en¬ 
ter our dear land, restrict the ballot to 
those who have been in our Country, if 
need be, twenty-one years, and enact laws 
that will forever stop the mouth and pen 
of the avowed hater of law and govern¬ 
ment? It is only under such conditions 
that we can hope to have our Presidents 
continue to go freely among us as of old. 

We will next see 

20. President McKinley Addressing the 
People of Galesburg, Ills., on Oc¬ 
tober 7th, i8qq, the 41st Anniver¬ 
sary of the Lincoln and Douglass 
Debate. 

This is in the Knox College campus, 
where those renowned orators and states¬ 
men of a former generation once met in 
a memorable debate during their con¬ 
test for a seat in the United States Sen¬ 
ate. While Douglass by the vote of the 
Legislature became Senator, Lincoln 
won the hearts of the people and that 
fame which ultimately made him Presi¬ 
dent. 

This scene will later seem almost pro¬ 
phetic. Here are our two great war 


45 


of William McKinley . 

Presidents. Simply the bust of one, but 
how full of health and purpose the other 
is, yet a little less than two years hence 
he too will be laid low by the bullet of 
the assassin. How many similarities 
there are in their careers and characters. 
Each carried us victorious through a 
war, each was elected for a second term, 
but neither lived to serve more than a 
few months of it. Both these men whose 
fate it was to carry on war were of an 
unusually kind and sympathetic nature. 
Both were exceptionally genial and cor¬ 
dial ; Lincoln the more jovial perhaps; 
McKinley possibly the more cultured. 
Both honest, both conservative, both * 
lawyers, both orators, both martyrs at 
last. But the one forced the South back 
into the Union, the other helped to wipe 
away the bitterness that this forcing had 
engendered. The first war was of sec¬ 
tion against section; the second was of 
a united country against a foreign enemy. 
One b !t the country nearly bankrupt, 
the other left government bonds at a 
premium. One was assassinated by a 
misguided political foe, the other by a 
wretched enemy to all government. 

If we had a stereograph record of the 
great debate which took place here, and 
other famous events in Lincoln’s life, 


46 


A Stereograph Record 


how they would be prized to-day! And 
yet their value would be ever increasing 
as the years go by. 

We quote the final sentence of Presi¬ 
dent McKinley’s Galesburg speech: 

To Lincoln, who in 1858 was struggling here 
against the encroachment of slavery, not for 
its destruction where it existed, but against 
further extension, was finally given, by the 
people, under the providence of God, the op¬ 
portunity and the power to enthrone Liberty 
in every part of the Republic. 

About this time many of the soldiers 
were returning from the Philippines, and 
on October 12, 1899, the President went 
to St. Paul and Minneapolis to welcome 
home the 13th Minnesota Volunteers. 
Here we see 

21. President McKinley and Governor 
Lind in the Reviewing Stand at 
Minneapolis . 

He has already addressed the soldiers 
and has been escorted here to review 
them on parade. We see the regimental 
bands just passing and a line of soldiers 
farther ahead. Governor Lind is a 
Swede by birth and landed in America 
a poor boy. His rise to the governor¬ 
ship of one of our great states is a proof 
of the possibilities which this country 
gives to the intelligent and industrious 
immigrant. The gentleman leaning 


47 


of William McKinley . 

against the railing of the stand we recog¬ 
nize as Secretary Long. 

The two great questions of the hour 
were, perseverance in putting down the 
Philippine revolt and “expansion;” the 
latter of course included the former. 
From President McKinley’s Minneapolis 
speech we quote the following: 

I have come from the Capitol of the Nation 
that I might give the Nation’s welcome to a 
regiment of the Nation’s defenders. I have 
come to speak the voice of love and gratitude 
which comes from every American heart to¬ 
day that loves the flag. I have come to bid 
you welcome because you did your duty; and 
that is the highest tribute that can be paid to 
any soldier anywhere, and I do not think the 
members of this regiment or the regiments 
constituting the Eighth Army Corps in the 
Philippines realize the importance and heroism 
of their action after the treaty of peace was 
signed and ratified. I want to say to you men, 
and to you Col. Summers—General Summers 
now, because of his gallantry—that the offi¬ 
cers and men of the Eighth Army Corps sent 
to Washington, telling me that they would stay 
in the Philippines until I could create a new 
army and send it there to take their place. I 
come to bid you welcome and give you the 
honor of the Nation because you thus sus¬ 
tained the flag of the Nation. 

22. President McKinley at West Super - 
ior, Wisconsin, October 13th, 1899 

At every point where the President 
spoke the people gathered in vast 


4 8 


A Stereograph Record 


throngs to hear him. His pleasing per¬ 
sonality, gifted eloquence and exalted 
position, and also the thrilling events of 
the past two years, stirred the patriotism 
of the people. 

Our position on the stand gives a bet¬ 
ter opportunity than we usually have had 
to realize the size of the audience. There 
are fifteen thousand people here. We 
notice that those in front are all school¬ 
boys. Let us hear a little of what he is 
saying to the people of this thriving little 
center of industry: 

I have been glad to note your progress and 
your prosperity, and glad to note the difference 
between your condition when I last was here 
and your condition now. We have discovered 
that the best statesmanship for America is that 
statesmanship which looks to the highest in¬ 
terests of American labor and the highest de¬ 
velopment of American resources. 

The last and greatest journey ever un¬ 
dertaken by President McKinley was 
begun on April 30, 1901. As the itin¬ 
erary was planned, the presidential party 
was to sweep through the most southerly 
states from the Atlantic to the Pacific; 
then through California up into Oregon 
and east to the Yellowstone, and on 
through respectively Colorado, Kansas, 
Missouri, Illinois, Indiana and Ohio to 
Buffalo, N. Y.; and later he was to go to 


49 


of William McKinley. 

New England. Probably never since 
Washington has there been a President 
who could visit every section of the coun¬ 
try with the perfect assurance of a hearty 
welcome. It must have been a source of 
great satisfaction to the President that 
he had thus succeeded in winning the 
confidence and sympathy of the whole 
country, north and south, east and west. 
The trip was to be in a sense his re¬ 
ward for all those anxious weeks and 
months so heavy with responsibilities, 
but like most human rewards it was fated 
to be only partial. 

The election was over, the President 
was just starting on his second term and 
the trip could not be interpreted as being 
intended to promote his political pros¬ 
pects. The country had already given 
him the highest honors in its power. 

The people of those sections which 
had not seen the great war President 
whom they had learned to respect and 
love, wanted to see him, and he wished to 
visit every section of our great country 
and knit still closer the ties of patriotism 
that bind us into a united nation. Elabo¬ 
rate preparations were made to make the 
long journey as easy and comfortable for 
the presidential party as possible; for 
these presidential journeys are not rest- 


5 o A Stereograph Record 

ful in any sense. The President must 
make many offhand speeches every day, 
besides one or two more important ones. 
Every address is at once telegraphed to 
the principal newspapers all over the 
land, so there must not be a noticeable 
sameness of expression; then the Presi¬ 
dent as well as the whole party are almost 
constantly under the eye of the public. 

It will be our privilege to witness 
some of the most interesting and impos¬ 
ing spectacles of this great trip. It 
proved to be a continuous ovation to the 
President; and being the greatest and 
the last occasion on which it shall be 
our privilege to journey with William 
McKinley, it may prove acceptable if, so 
far as carried out, we follow his itinerary 
more closely than we have done before. 

Passing over the less important stops 
of the train after leaving Washington, 
we shall notice first 

23 . Confederate Veterans, Grand Army 
of the Republic and Loyal Legions, 
Welcoming President McKinley, 
Huntsville, Ala., April 30, 1901. 

Huntsville was once the capital of Ala¬ 
bama. The entire population of this im¬ 
portant town has turned out, men, women 
and children. Quite an attractive dis¬ 
play of millinery, isn’t it? After being 


of William McKinley. 51 

introduced by Judge Richardson, Gen¬ 
eral Wheeler’s successor in Congress, 
the President spoke in part as follows: 

I very greatly appreciate and return to all of 
you my thanks for this welcome, so warm and 
so generous upon the part of the people, of the 
members of the Grand Army of the Republic, 
Loyal Legion and Confederate veterans, who 
speak their greetings to us as we pass through 
your beautiful city. If I have been in any 
sense the instrument in the hands of the people 
to bring together the North and the South, it 
is the highest distinction that I could covet. I 
am glad to see the boys in gray uniting in giv¬ 
ing the reception. Once foes, now friends for¬ 
ever. [Great applause.] Once with hostile 
arms in their hands, now with affection in their 
hearts one for another, and both united in love 
and loyalty for the Flag and for the Land we 
love. 

After the address General Samuel H. 
Morse, on behalf of Egbert I. Jones, 
Camp of Confederate Veterans and the 
Huntsville Post of the Grand Army of 
the Republic, presented to the President 
a beautiful floral piece, emblematic, he 
said, “ of the pleasure it gives us to honor 
you, who as Chief Magistrate have 
sought to assuage sectional bitterness, 
and to weld in the bonds of a common 
justice and patriotism the destinies of our 
common Country.” 


52 A Stereograph Record 

Let us next see the crowds that made 
up 

24. President McKinley’s splendid 
Welcome at General Wheeler’s 
Home city, Decatur, Ala., April 
30, 1901. 

We have taken a position farther away 
this time, so as to get a better idea of 
the throng. We can faintly see a second 
flag through the bunting of this first. It 
seems good indeed to see these citizens 
of the old Confederate state of Alabama 
standing gladly under the Flag, staunch¬ 
ly loyal to the Government it represents. 
Those were patriotic hands which made 
that arch of flags and bunting over the 
railway track. 

The President said in part: 

The attention of the people of the South, and 
the warmth of their reception have been so 
constant since we started from the Capitol 
city yesterday morning that words seem poor 
indeed to express our gratitude and apprecia¬ 
tion. We have just cause to be proud of our 
Country. It belongs to us all. We know no 
North, no South, no East, no West, but are all 
Americans. No solid South and no solid 
North, save when solid for the flag and the 
Union. I have been glad to note as I have 
travelled through this section of our beloved 
country the great progress and prosperity 
everywhere evidenced. This country has been 
signally blessed. We have everything. God 
has been good to us. He has given to us a 


53 


of William McKinley. 

heritage which awaits our development, which 
we must not neglect, and it is our duty to pre¬ 
serve this land to Liberty forever and forever. 

Shortly after leaving Decatur Mr. 
Strohmeyer expressed a wish to the 
President that he might photograph some 
of the principal members of the presi¬ 
dential party and train at some place 
where the crowds would not interfere. 
Mr. McKinley inquired when he would 
like to do this, to which Mr. Strohmeyer 
replied, “ Whenever it will be convenient 
to you, Mr. President, for me the earlier 
the better.” The President promptly or¬ 
dered the train stopped and this stereo¬ 
graph was made: 

25. The Presidential Party and Train. 

On the arrival of the train at Memphis 
that afternoon the exposed plate, with 
others previously taken, were expressed 
to New York, and a day or two later the 
public were able to witness in a very 
real sense some of the more important 
incidents of the commencement of the 
President’s great journey. The photo¬ 
graphing was accomplished very hastily 
so as to avoid delaying the train much; 
but the station operator down the line 
at Tuscumbia knew nothing of the stop, 
and when the train did not appear on 
schedule time he flashed the news along 


54 


A Stereograph Record 

the line, “ President’s train lost.” The 
report even reached the home office in 
Washington. For several minutes the 
wires hummed with messages back and 
forth, as the officials were becoming 
alarmed, when the train appeared at 
Tuscumbia and the operator reported its 
arrival. 

But regarding the scene: We have 
met all these gentlemen before. Com¬ 
mencing from the President they are 
Secretaries Hay, Smith, Hitchcock and 
Wilson; and just back of Secretary 
Hitchcock, standing on the ties of the 
track, is Private Secretary Cortelyou. 
Secretary of Agriculture Wilson was 
once asked as to his profession. His 
modest reply was, “All the members of 
the Cabinet are experts in their line ex¬ 
cept me, and I am supposed to know a 
little about things that grow.” It will 
pay us to become familiar with these 
faces, as these gentlemen are indeed 
specialists in their departments. Some 
of the wives and daughters of the party 
have come out on the platform. The 
lady nearest the door is Mrs. Smith, next 
to her is Mrs. Hay, and standing back 
of them is Miss Hitchcock and Miss 
Wilson. 

Now we are to be very close and fa- 


of William McKinley. 55 

vored observers on the platform with 

36. President McKinley at Memphis , 
Tenn., May ist, 1901. 

In this enterprising metropolis the 
President made one of the most notable 
speeches of the whole journey. The 
hearty greetings all along the route thus 
far testified how completely he had cap¬ 
tured the hearts of the people of Dixie. 
He was very evidently being more and 
more deeply touched with these marks 
of esteem and love, and here at Memphis 
the party received a wonderfully impres¬ 
sive welcome. Governor McMillin and 
Senator Carmack were at the station. A 
company of grizzled Confederate vet¬ 
erans in their old uniforms acted as a 
guard of honor. Not a private or busi¬ 
ness house seemed to have missed dec¬ 
oration in honor of the occasion. 

Through the stereoscope we are within 
a few feet of the President at this im¬ 
portant gathering. Let us note a part of 
his great speech as he stands before us: 

I reciprocate the sentiments of goodwill and 
fraternity expressed by your honored Mayor 
and shown in this cordial reception by the 
people of Tennessee. I do not misinterpret 
this demonstration. I do not appropriate it, 
but accept it in its true spirit, and recognize its 
true significance to our common country. It 
is representative of that universal good feeling 


56 


A Stereograph Record 


happily existing among the people of the 
United States, and which is not bounded by 
state, political and geographical lines. It is co¬ 
extensive with the Union itself, and exists be¬ 
cause of our love for the Union. It is not per¬ 
functory or superficial, but deep and heartfelt. 
It is the hearty, honest sentiment of honest 
people, loving their Country and proud of its 
institutions, and determined that both shall be 
maintained. It is powerfully influencing our 
national life and development, and completing 
that unification so essential to national security 
and so indispensable to the realization of our 
national strength and influence. 

What a mighty, resistless power for good is 
a united nation of free men. It makes for 
peace and prestige, for progress and liberty. 
It conserves the rights of the people and 
strengthens the pillars of the government, and 
is a fulfillment of that more perfect union for 
which our Revolutionary fathers strove, and 
for which the constitution was made. No citi¬ 
zen of the Republic rejoices more than I do 
at this happy state, and none will do more 
within his sphere to continue and strengthen 
it. Our past has gone into history. No 
brighter one adorns the annals of mankind. 
Our task is for the future. We leave the old 
century behind us, holding on to its achieve¬ 
ments and cherishing its memories, and turn 
with hope to the new, with its opportunities 
and obligations. 

These we must meet, men of the South, men 
of the North, with high purpose and resolu¬ 
tion. Without internal troubles to distract us 
or jealousies to disturb our judgment, we will 
solve the problems which confront us untram- 


of William McKinley. 


57 


melled by the past, and wisely and courageous¬ 
ly pursue a policy of right and justice in all 
things, making the future under God even 
more glorious than the past. 

I am glad to meet the people of Memphis 
and of the State of Tennessee. Their history 
is associated with the greatest struggles and 
sacrifices of our country, and their valor has 
been conspicuous on every battlefield of the 
Republic. The commonwealth has lost none 
of the zeal and patriotism which gave to it in 
the earlier days the name of the Volunteer 
State. It shows it is still worthy of that proud 
designation, for even now its enlistments in the 
new army, according to population, exceed 
those of any other State in the Union. [Ap¬ 
plause.] Her record in the Spanish war was 
a distinguished one. I shall never forget that 
during the anxious days of 1899 it was the 
Tennessee soldiers in the Philippines who, 
with unfaltering patriotism, led all others in 
re-enlistments for the new regiments then 
forming. [Renewed applause.] 

They encouraged their comrades and 
cheered the heart of the whole country. Nor 
can I fail to remember and recall in this pres¬ 
ence and make heartfelt acknowledgment to 
the gallant First Tennessee Volunteers, who, 
having once embarked on the transports, with 
their faces turned homeward and toward those 
they loved, voluntarily disembarked, and 
marching to the relief of their comrades in 
distress fought a brave fight and with them 
turned defeat into victory. All honor to the 
First Tennessee Volunteers, and all the grati¬ 
tude of which my heart is capable to the noble 
men and women of this city for this magnifi- 


58 


A Stereograph Record 


cent welcome to myself and my associates! 
[Prolonged applause.] 

The presidential train moved south, 
meeting enthusiastic demonstrations at 
historic Vicksburg and Jackson, then on 
to New Orleans, which, although the 
second seaport in America, had never 
before been privileged to entertain the 
Chief Magistrate of the nation. It was 
a royal reception the “ Crescent City ” 
extended to President McKinley. Gov¬ 
ernor Heard, Mayor Capdeville and both 
of Louisiana’s Senators, McEnry and 
Foster, and the entire Louisiana dele¬ 
gation in Congress, the City Council and 
representatives of various commercial 
exchanges were at the station to welcome 
him. 

As we have now had the privilege of 
observing the President on the occasion 
of some of his most famous addresses, 
we will vary the surroundings somewhat 
and at New Orleans only see him on a 
Mississippi steamer, the “ Saint Louis,” 
reviewing the 

27. River Parade , May 2d, igoi. 

What an imposing scene! A mile or 
more across this broad expanse of the 
great Mississippi we can outline the 
city. Look at that line of smoke stretch¬ 
ing across the sky. It comes from the 


of William McKinley. 


59 


smoke stacks of that river steamer of 
which we can only see the big stern wheel 
to our right. Full in front of us rests 
at anchor one of Uncle Sam's trim men 
of war, gayly decorated and with its sail¬ 
ors in rigid column of salute to their 
President. As these sailor boys seem 
here to form a bulwark to their ship, 
so they have ever proved themselves 
to be a mighty bulwark of strength to 
our nation in times of peril. 

See how these flags on our steamer 
snap in the breeze, the force of which is 
intensified by our movement up the river. 
The famous everglades of Louisiana have 
evidently contributed towards the presi¬ 
dential decorations, for notice the large 
palm leaves which, extending up from 
below, show through and above the low 
railing of this upper deck. One very 
picturesque feature of the reception in 
New Orleans was the Continental 
Guards, a local organization in the uni¬ 
form of the Revolutionary era. They 
were the guard of honor for the pres¬ 
idential party during the entire visit. 
We see one of these guards close to our 
right, with his cockade, white, crossed 
straps, ruffled frills in his coat sleeves, and 
the figures “ 1776 ” on his leathern cart¬ 
ridge box. Farther away, standing in 


6 o 


A Stereograph Record 


line with the President, is Major Cobb 
of the Governor’s staff. But what inter¬ 
ests us most are the two men in plain 
clothes. One, the President of the United 
States, the other, the Governor of Louis¬ 
iana. The President has been returning 
the salute of those sailor boys we have 
just passed, by waving his handkerchief, 
and now he has turned, and, placing a 
friendly hand on Governor Heard’s 
shoulder, is calling his attention to some¬ 
thing we are approaching. The Presi¬ 
dent was always the reverse of stiff in 
his manners. He had the rare quality 
of making everyone he met feel that 
he was interested in him, and this inter¬ 
est was not affected. His generous warm 
heart caused him to be naturally consid¬ 
erate of everyone. This quality made 
many of his most strenuous political op¬ 
ponents his warm personal friends. 

But let us proceed with the President 
into Texas. The first stopping place 
inside the great state was the important 
manufacturing city of Houston, where 
Governor Sayers and other officials met 
the President. The reception here was 
a continuation of the ovation he had re¬ 
ceived everywhere through the South. In 
order that we may recall some of the 
early struggles of the State, let us see 


of William McKinley. 61 

the President carrying another flag than 
his beloved Stars and Stripes. 

28, President McKinley Holding the 
Flag of the Texas Republic, Hous¬ 
ton, May 3d, 1901, 

This will forever be a sacred emblem 
to the Lone Star State. The President 
looks pleased, and well he may; a feeble 
old woman, the widow of Anson Jones, 
the last President of the Republic of 
Texas, has surrendered to Mr. McKin¬ 
ley this token of former days. The Hous¬ 
ton Light Guards, the crack military 
company of Texas, who acted as 
bodyguard for Jefferson Davis in 1875, 
are now his special escort. It does in¬ 
deed look as though the historic old state 
had surrendered, but it is a voluntary 
and glad surrender this time. Hearts 
never surrender to force, but only to him 
who conquers by kindness and love, and 
he who conquers hearts conquers all. 
And what a vast empire in extent this 
flag once represented. 

In President McKinley’s speech which 
he has just delivered he said in part: 

I hesitated to call this State an Empire, and 
I am glad the Governor set the example and 
gave you your true designation. [Laughter 
and applause.] We are sensitive a little on 
the subject of empire nowadays, but if there is 
an empire state in the Union it is the State of 


62 


A Stereograph Record 

Texas. [Applause.] But it is an empire like 
all other empires of this great Republic, under 
the dominion of the sovereign people. [Great 
applause.] 

As I have journeyed through the South I 
have been more and more impressed with the 
fact that the South is contributing quite its full 
share in the economic and industrial develop¬ 
ment that has been going on in our country for 
the last ten years, and which has given to us 
the proud rank of first among the manufactur¬ 
ing nations of the world. Ten years ago you 
had 1,200,000 spindles in the South; to-day 
you have over 5,000,000. Your coal, your iron, 
your forests, are lending their wealth to the 
gain of your people [a voice—“ and our oil! ”] 
and your oil, and you will find everything will 
go smoother [laughter] if this oil is oily, last¬ 
ing and permanent. 

But, my fellow citizens, I am not here to 
make a speech; only to receive your greetings 
and reciprocate the sentiments of this great 
people, a part of this noble Union. We are 
not only a union of hands, but we are a union 
of hearts that none can sever. I bring you 
the good-will of the Nation of which you form 
so large a part. 

We see the President as he is getting 
into his carriage to go to the train. Ac¬ 
companied by Governor Sayers in a few 
hours Austin is reached. Like the Capi¬ 
tal of the bordering state of Louisiana, 
Austin was never before visited by the 
President. The population of Austin 
was fully doubled for this, the President’s 


63 


of William McKinley. 

day. Confederate veterans and Grand 
Army of the Republic organizations, 
marching side by side, escorted the Presi¬ 
dent to the steps of the splendid capitol 
building, where, as the sun was setting, 
he addressed the sea of people in part as 
follows: 

My fellow Citizens: 

To-day it was my pleasure in the city of 
Houston to experience one of the pleasantest 
incidents of my long journey. Given into my 
hands by the widow of the last President of 
the Republic of Texas was the flag of the Re¬ 
public. It seemed appropriate that it should 
have been given in the city bearing the name 
of the soldier, statesman and hero, General 
Sam Houston, the first President of the Re¬ 
public. [Great applause.] 

No more cordial or generous welcome has 
greeted me in my journey from the capital of 
the nation than that which now greets me at 
the capital of Texas. I am glad to be in this city, 
named in honor of the pioneer of American 
colonization in Texas, located in the county of 
Travis, called in honor of him who fell at the 
Alamo, from whence came no message of de¬ 
feat. I am glad to be on this historic ground 
and to receive the greeting of my countrymen 
and to rejoice that Texas was not as successful 
in .getting out of the Union as she was in get¬ 
ting in. [Great applause.] 

The people of Texas, like the people of the 
original thirteen states, fought their way to 
independence, and, like them, came into the 
Union without any territorial probation, a per- 


6 4 


A Stereograph Record 


fected state. They conquered the right of self- 
government through the sword, and then 
sought association with the other states of the 
Republic. They thought it no sacrifice of their 
independence to pass from a Republic to a sov¬ 
ereign state in the Federal Union. What a 
mighty acquisition, and how rich with benefits 
for both Nation and State. 

Texas is no longer a battlefield for contend¬ 
ing armies. The weapons used are no longer 
those of war—they have long since given way 
to the implements of peace and husbandry, em¬ 
ployed in the development of rich resources in 
which this commonwealth abounds. She has 
an historic past, a noble past. Her statesmen 
are among the ablest, her soldiers among the 
bravest. Her possibilities are too vast to ad¬ 
mit of prophecy. God has given her every¬ 
thing for the comfort and happiness of man 
and for the employment and use of his high¬ 
est and best faculties. 

This State, my fellow-citizens, is larger in 
area than any of her sister States, greater by 
fifty per cent, than Ohio, Indiana, Illinois, 
Kentucky and Tennessee combined, and al¬ 
though one of the younger members of our 
national family, she stands in population the 
sixth, and belongs no longer to the less popu¬ 
lous, but to the most populous group of our 
States. 

She would continue to be the largest State 
in the Union after carving out of it four States 
of the size of New York, Pennsylvania, New 
Jersey and Delaware, whose combined popu¬ 
lation is 15,638,531, while your State has yet but 
one-fifth of that number. 

If the oil wells which you have discovered 


of William McKinley. 


65 


shall keep up, your State will have rapid immi¬ 
gration and you will have settled almost the 
problem of fuel, which will make it one of the 
great manufacturing States of the Union We 
can hardly realize what a vast territory it is 
over which my friend the Governor presides. 
By the census of 1890 your population was 
2,235,000, and about 1,592,000 in 1880, only 
212,000 in 1850, and the census of 1900 records 
a population of more than 3,000,000. More 
than one-sixth of this population is enrolled in 
the public schools. 

Texas, my countrymen, is the highway to the 
Pan-American movement in industry and in 
commerce, and is nearest of all our states to 
the Spanish speaking population of America, 
with whom there exists a feeling of good-will 
and amity which time and association and mu¬ 
tual exchange will promote and strengthen. 

We live in a wonderful era; our trusteeship 
is a large and sacred one. We must not be un¬ 
faithful to our high mission or falter before its 
high responsibilities nor must we permit pride, 
or might, or power, to taint our motives and 
lead us from the plain paths of duty or divert 
us from the sacred principles of liberty. [Pro¬ 
longed applause.] 

But we will go farther on, to the most 
sacred of all spots to Texans, and on 
May 4, 1901, we meet 

29. President McKinley and Governor 
Sayers at Plaza Alamo, San An¬ 
tonio , Texas. 

These two old friends were, in youth, 
on opposite sides of a deadly conflict, 


66 


A Stereograph Record 


but later were together in Congress for 
years, and therefore, in spite of opposite 
political views, became close personal 
friends. 

Here, as we have already seen back in 
Tuskegee, Alabama, in 1898, the Presi¬ 
dent is as good a listener as he is a 
speaker. The young Mayor of San An¬ 
tonio, whom we can not see, is greeting 
his distinguished guests. We are not 
looking toward the audience, but upon 
the platform; and those sitting back of 
the Governor and President are mem¬ 
bers of the Reception Committee. The 
vacant chair next to the President is for 
the Mayor. Notice the gentleman sitting 
just back and to the right of this vacant 
chair. We shall see him from our next 
position and so can better locate our¬ 
selves. 

Let us now change our position to 
one amongst the audience, where we 
may see 

$o. President McKinley Speaking near 
the Scene of the Alamo Massacre. 

By looking just between the Presi¬ 
dent’s figure and the post below the rail¬ 
ing, you will see the gentleman we called 
your attention to from our previous posi¬ 
tion. We can only see a portion of the 
face of the Mayor, who now occupies the 


67 


of William McKinley . 

chair that was vacant, and of course as 
the Governor sits farther along to our 
left, we cannot see him on account of 
the decorations on the left side of the 
platform. Now that we understand our 
position, our attention is naturally di¬ 
rected to the speaker. President Mc¬ 
Kinley is indeed an orator; not simply a 
fluent, but also a forcible and very con¬ 
vincing speaker. We see him now at 
the very instant when his soul is stirred 
to its depths with the sacredness of his 
theme. In the intensity of his feelings 
he has involuntarily raised his heels from 
the floor as he approaches his climax. 
Such earnest eloquence is magnetic, it 
carries its audience. When William Mc¬ 
Kinley speaks in this way it must be 
worth taking note of. The following is 
what he is saying here in “ The cradle of 
Texas liberty/’ 

Mr. Mayor, Governor Sayers; My fellow 

Citizens: 

I wish I had the voice and the speech to re¬ 
spond in fitting words to the gracious welcome, 
the more than gracious welcome, given me by 
your honored Mayor speaking for you and in 
your behalf. I am glad to be in this historic 
city on this historic spot and to receive from 
you the greeting and the good-will which you 
feel toward this great Republic and toward the 
office which for a little while by your suf¬ 
frages I am permitted to fill. [Applause.] 


68 


A Stereograph Record 

Here are centuries of heroic memories. The 
Texan people have a history of which they can 
well be proud, but in the glory of which all 
Americans and all lovers of Liberty the world 
over want to share. [Applause.] Your an¬ 
cestors achieved your independence by the 
sword; and as I stand here near the Alamo, 
this sacred and historic place, I cannot fail to 
recall the names of Crockett and Travis and 
Bowie and their heroic associates who went 
down after eleven days’ siege, sacrificing their 
lives for Liberty and Independence. [Ap¬ 
plause.] They are the sacrificial giants that 
cleaved the darkness asunder and beaconed us 
where we are. 

“ They fell devoted but undying; 

* * * * * * 

The meanest rill, the mightiest river, 

Roll mingling with their fame forever.” 

I was glad to receive the welcome of the 
Grand Army of the Republic and the Confed¬ 
erate Veterans [great applause], once more 
united and forever [applause], each having 
respect for the courage of the other, and all of 
us sharing the valor and the heroism which 
were shown on both sides of the line. [Great 
applause.] We know what stuff each other is 
made of [Applause], the men of the South and 
the men of the North. But we have but one 
side now. [Applause.] We are solid only for 
the Union and the Flag. [Applause.] I can¬ 
not describe to you my satisfaction at the re¬ 
sponse the State of Texas made to the call of 
the Executive for the Spanish War. [Ap¬ 
plause.] You more than filled your quota and 
thousands crowded that they might get into 


of William McKinley. 


69 


the service to help free an oppressed people 
and preserve the honor of our common Coun¬ 
try [Applause]; and the sons of the boys in 
blue and the sons of the boys in gray fought 
side by side in Cuba, in Porto Rico and in the 
Philippines, and are today shoulder to shoulder 
carrying the flag we love, spotless in its mis¬ 
sion of liberty and emancipation. [Great ap¬ 
plause.] 

It was a pleasure to me to be received by the 
school children of this historic city. As I 
marched through the line of more than five 
thousand and heard them sing, “ My Country, 
’tis of thee, sweet land of Liberty,” I knew 
the future of the Republic was safe forever. 
[Enthusiastic applause.] I want to return my 
thanks, in the single moment I shall occupy, to 
all the people of this great empire state, not 
alone for their welcome to me, but for the con¬ 
tribution they are making for the advancement 
and prosperity of the Republic. [Applause.] 
No State was ever more blessed by a kind 
Providence than this. You have everything— 
strong men, fair women, and your fields are full 
of products and wealth awaiting the uses and 
cultivation of man. I congratulate you upon 
this splendid heritage and join with your hon¬ 
ored Mayor in saying that we stand today one 
in hope, one in faith, one in liberty, one in 
destiny, the freest Republic beneath the sun, a 
Republic which the living and those who are 
to come after will pass along to the ages and 
to civilization. [Enthusiastic applause.] 

We will now go on, clear to the west¬ 
ern border of the great State of Texas, 
eight hundred miles across, and in El 


70 


A Stereograph Record 


Paso, the chief gateway of trade between 
the United States and Mexico, we will 
look from the President’s stand upon 

31. The Safest Guardians of Liberty's 
Flag—The Public Schools — Wel¬ 
coming President McKinley, FI 
Paso, Texas, May 6th, 1901. 

Whenever and wherever the children 
appeared during any procession, recep¬ 
tion or review, the President would grow 
enthusiastic and clap his hands again 
and again. He loved children and the 
children always found it out very soon 
and loved him in return. But let us go 
to another street of this western town, 
where we can obtain a more general view 
of this most interesting array. 

32. “Keep the Flag in their Hands 
and Patriotism will Stay in their 
Hearts 

Can one imagine an American boy 
waving Old Glory without having a 
thrill of pride and love for his Countrv 
entering into his heart? 

At about the age of the larger of these 
boys that are passing us what aspira¬ 
tion we used to have for heroism and 
bravery. At this period who of us but 
longed to be an army drummer-boy. It 
was a pretty healthy symptom too. By 
this banner close to us, as well as the 


of William McKinley. 7I 

ones we saw from our previous position, 
we judge El Paso appreciates the value 
of an education. $75,000 is a large 
sum for a border western town to spend 
for school buildings. Many of these 
children are of Mexican parentage. It 
is only in virtue of our great public 
school system that we can hope to make 
creditable American citizens out of the 
many thousands of foreign children who 
annually arrive at every port of our 
country. 

The President’s train flies on hundreds 
of miles farther through New Mexico 
and Arizona. Our next position shows 
us 

33. President McKinley and his Party 
on the Blue Tank Mountains, near 
the Congress Gold Mine, May 
7th, igoi. 

This is one of the rich gold-mining 
sections of the United States. It is lo¬ 
cated in the central part of Western Ari¬ 
zona, at an elevation of 4000 feet. At 
our left we see Secretaries Hitchcock 
and Hay, then, next to the President, on 
his left (our right), stands Mr. F. D. 
Gage, President of the Mine, and next to 
him Postmaster General Smith. 

The President, accompanied by Mr. 
Gage, walked through a half-mile tunnel, 


72 


A Stereograph Record 


lighted by candles, to the stamp mills, 
where eighty stamps were crushing ore. 
He then inspected the cyanide works, 
and saw cast a bar of gold worth $25,000. 
The President was much interested and 
asked if he could see the bar. “ It is red 
hot,” said Gage. “ I will show it to you!” 
shouted one of the smelters named Rich¬ 
ards. With the protection of only a few 
rags on his hands he seized the mould 
and dumped the white-hot bar of glow¬ 
ing metal on the stone. The rags were 
set on fire by the heat and the young 
man’s hands were scorched, but he did 
not wince. “ That is the true American 
pluck,” cried the President, advancing 
towards Richards, “ I want to shake your 
hand.” He grasped the man’s hand and 
shook it cordially. 

A large American flag was draped 
across the tunnel through which the 
President passed, and after he emerged 
he told the little group of miners who 
congregated about the train that he had 
seen the Stars and Stripes floating from 
tower and State house and warship in 
many different places, but never before 
in his life had he seen the flag fifteen 
hundred feet under ground. 

But let us step over to the entrance 
and see 


73 


of William McKinley. 

34 • The Presidential Party Descending 
the 3200-ft. Shaft. 

Just back of Secretary Cortelyou we 
see one of the cars of the shaft filled with 
ladies and gentlemen, about to be low¬ 
ered into the mine. The President is 
not to go down. You may at first won¬ 
der why we have chosen this position. 
You say, “ Of course there is the Presi¬ 
dent, close enough, back of that plank 
covering, but he is so mixed up with the 
other men one would hardly notice him.” 
Ah! that’s it, he is simply one of us. 
Why, he looks as democratic there as 
dear old Abe Lincoln could have looked. 
One of the half dozen citizens leaning 
against those rough planks, jostled by 
other citizens in the rear, has already 
won the admiration of the world from 
England to China. For over four years 
prior to the time we see him here he has 
had more real power and influence in di¬ 
recting the most momentous affairs of a 
generation than any crowned head of 
Europe, and we all know how wisely he 
has used this power. Could we get a 
better example of how the President of 
the United States is one of us? How 
much more we honor and love him than 
we could one who by mere chance of 
birth, without special ability, energy or 


74 A Stereograph Record 

character becomes the so-called ruler, 
but in reality only the figurehead, han¬ 
dled as it were with gloves in a sort of 
glass case fashion. Such a “ ruler ” is 
kept before his subjects, but so that he 
cannot by any means get in touch with 
them. We may consider this scene as 
in a special sense illustrative of the char¬ 
acter of our noble Citizen President. 

Well! what have we to say for the 
next scene, 

35 • A Miner’s Little Daughter Photo - 
graphing the President . 

We see only the President’s back, and 
that little girl has such a cheap little 
snap-shot affair; and see the rest of 
those “ cheap ” children around him, no 
one else in sight. Nice company for a 
President! Well, he might be in worse 
company; and I hope that little girl, 
God bless her! did by chance get a nice 
picture of our kind President on her 
two-inch film. The President of the 
United States posing so patiently while 
the little child fixes her camera just right 
and makes the exposure, sets an example 
to many a smaller man. The President 
noticed this little girl dodging about, 
vainly trying to get a “ shot ” at him, 
and he at once stopped and said, “ Let 
me stand for you ”; and when the shot 


of William McKinley. 


75 


had been made our President asked his 
new little friend, “ are you all finished ? ” 
and then thanked her for making his 
picture. Nine chances to ten it was a 
failure, I mean the photograph, but the 
act was not a failure, and are we not 
glad we have here a record of it which 
can be handed down to all time, in mem¬ 
ory of this great, gentle heart? These 
children of the miners don’t seem to be 
one whit afraid or shy. Instinctively 
these children have recognized a friend. 
As Washington was father of no children 
he could the more appropriately be called 
the “ Father of his Country.” McKinley’s 
more gentle nature had been sweetened 
and softened by two little daughters’ lov¬ 
ing caresses, until they were laid away in 
the Canton cemetery. Perhaps this mis¬ 
fortune helped to fit the big-hearted, 
kindly man to> be, as he has before been 
termed, the “ Father of the Nation’s chil¬ 
dren.” Shall we not cherish this record 
to remind us of that beautiful quality ? 

But we must leave these little children 
among the arid mountains of Arizona. 
In spite of their precious metals, these 
barren rocks are not attractive for a 
longer sojourn. 

After three days spent by the Pres¬ 
idential party in the alkali deserts of 


7 6 A Stereograph Record 

Texas, New Mexico and Arizona, their 
entrance into the semi-tropical luxu¬ 
riance of San Bernardino Valley, Cali¬ 
fornia, and their welcome at Redlands, 
seemed like passing into Fairyland. Gov¬ 
ernor Gage and the California delega¬ 
tion met the President at Redlands and 
welcomed him to the state. Through an 
avenue lined with palms and Venetian 
masts, the President drove over beds of 
roses, beneath a triumphal arch of flow¬ 
ers and fruits to the Casa Loma Hotel, 
from the balcony of which we will now 
see 

36. President McKinley Addressing 
the People of Redlands, May gth, 
1901, 

We see the President above us on our 
left, at the corner of the balcony. These 
young men in uniforms and caps just in 
front of us are original Americans from 
the Indian School at Perris. Here, as 
usual, we are favored guests, so can take 
our choice of positions. The very best 
point from which to see the President 
while he is speaking is that window to 
the left of the balcony. There we shall 
be close and yet able to see the side of 
his features. Now from the window we 
see 

37 • President McKinley in the Land of 
Flowers. 


77 


of William McKinley. 

A few moments ago we were down 
there, among those people below us. 
These gentlemen and ladies on the bal¬ 
cony are some of the President’s party 
with the reception committee. Those 
marguerites are so near we feel almost 
tempted to try to reach one; but let us 
now enjoy part of the President’s speech. 

Governor Gage; Ladies and Gentlemen; and 

my Fellow Citizens: 

I receive with emotions of pleasure and of 
gratitude California’s greeting voiced by the 
Chief Executive of your great commonwealth 
on behalf of the people to the Chief Executive 
of the Government of the United States. It is 
your tribute to the great office which for the 
hour I am permitted to hold, it is your expres¬ 
sion of love for the Union, for our great civil 
institutions, and your affection for the Consti¬ 
tution which shelters us all. California had 
some trouble in getting into the Union in the 
early days. That most serious question in the 
history of the Republic, that of human slavery, 
deterred for a little while your full connection 
with the union of the States, but it came be¬ 
cause the earnest, energetic, enterprising, pa¬ 
triotic Americans living on the coast demanded 
the right to share not only in the blessings but 
the burdens of this great Republic. [Ap¬ 
plause.] 

The miner with his pick and the frontiers¬ 
man with his axe, with the trusty rifle hanging 
above the cabin door, have wrought greatly 
for the human race; they pioneered civiliza¬ 
tion. 


7 8 A Stereograph Record 

This splendid State, rich in its mines, in its 
fruits and its products, rich in its men and its 
women, rich in its loyalty to the flag we love, 
has a mighty destiny before it. [Applause.] 
California helped to save the Union more 
than thirty years ago. Her soldiers fought 
and fell on the battlefields of the Re¬ 
public and assisted to preserve the Union—the 
best Republic on the face of the earth [Great 
applause], representing the best hopes of hu¬ 
manity everywhere. California in our recent 
war with Spain was quick to respond to the 
call of the Executive and California volunteers 
in the Philippines added new glory to our flag. 
[Applause.] This Republic never can fail so 
long as the citizen is vigilant. This Republic 
can never fail, said Jefferson a hundred years 
ago, while every citizen is ready to respond to 
the call of Country. [Applause.] But, my fel¬ 
low citizens, our triumphs are not the triumphs 
of war. Our triumphs are those of a free, self- 
governing people, looking to the development 
and up-building and extension of liberty to the 
human race. We have problems on our hands, 
but the American people never ran away from 
a difficult question or from a well-defined duty. 
[Applause.] We will meet these problems in 
the fear of God and will carry and maintain 
the blessings of liberty wherever our glorious 
banner floats. [Enthusiastic applause.] 

My fellow citizens, no greeting could have 
been more grateful to me than that which you 
bring as I enter the State of California, a 
State of heroic and historic memories, a terri¬ 
tory that governed itself without law, without 
courts, without Governors, by the virtue and 
force of an elevated public sentiment. [Great 


79 


of William McKinley. 

applause.] And you came from every State in 
the Federal Union. There is not a State that 
has not contributed its share to your splendid 
population. The best people of the East, of the 
South and of the North and the West are here 
[a voice, “ that’s right ”]. And now having 
said this much, it only remains for me to ex¬ 
press the gratification which all of us feel, 
those associated with me in government, to be 
welcomed here as we have been welcomed 
everywhere by a united people owning loyalty 
to but one flag, and that flag the Emblem of 
Liberty—the glorious Stars and Stripes. [En¬ 
thusiastic and long-continued applause.] 

Our next stop will be in the beautiful 
and flourishing metropolis of Southern 
California, Los Angeles. The whole city 
has been beautifully decorated in honor 
of the President’s coming. We will at 
once take a splendid position from which 
to watch both the President and the fine 
review. 

38. The City of “ The Angels” Greets 
the Nation's Chief, May gth, igoi. 

Right before us in a bedecked chariot 
drawn by twelve white horses, are a bevy 
of the “Angels ” in the very act of greet¬ 
ing the President. What a beautiful 
sight, what a study! This platform 
where the President stands extends 
beyond the range of our vision, 
forming a broad canopied pavilion 
upon which are seated the mem- 


8 o A Stereograph Record 

bers of the Cabinet, besides many other 
well-known people from many States. 
The city is packed. The population of 
Los Angeles is, according to the census 
of 1900, more than 100,000, but the 
streets must hold almost twice that num¬ 
ber to-day. Pasadena, Santa Monica 
and other neighboring towns are for the 
moment almost depopulated. 

This scene on Broadway, Los Angeles, 
reminds one of Pennsylvania Avenue in 
Washington on an Inauguration Day. 
Every fagade flames with bunting. On 
ahead we can see another throng of 
"Angels,” they are all brunettes, those 
that are nearer are all blondes. But we 
must not linger long over these charming 
beings. If this was other than a stereo¬ 
graph tour they would have before this 
passed out of our sight forever; as it is 
we can return and enjoy this beauty and 
grace again and again. 

Presto! and the changed “ characters ” 
are 

39. Rough Rider Cowboys Saluting 
President McKinley . 

Here is the same genial President, on 
the same stand, in the same streetwith its 
sidewalks, porticoes and windows packed 
with people; but these new actors look as 
if they hardly belonged to this beautiful 


of William McKinley. 81 

City of Angels. They would appear 
more appropriate in some more dreary 
and warmer place. I refer, of course, to 
the scantily verdured plains we lately 
passed through over in Arizona. Those 
horses are not exactly family pets, but 
they evidently fit the men. Notice the 
fine pose of their tails and legs and what 
“ open countenances ” they have ! These 
animals can no more be kept from their 
antics than their riders can from yelling. 
Both men and horses have too long had 
the freedom of the limitless plains to 
conform circumspectly to any rules of 
etiquette and fashion other than their 
own. Any other day these men of the 
ranch would be considered more or less 
of a nuisance in orderly and aristocratic 
Los Angeles. But if the freedom, loneli¬ 
ness and hardships of the plains do not 
develop fine manners they do develop 
honest and brave hearts. No cow- 
puncher will ever assassinate a President 
while approaching him as a friend. 
Cowards and anarchists are not devel¬ 
oped by sleeping on the lonely graz- 
ing-ground, under heaven’s blue skies. 
It is the stifling, foul-smelling at¬ 
mosphere of our city tenement houses 
that engenders such creatures. 

The yell which is being given here for 


82 


A Stereograph Record 

“ Prosperity Bill ” means something. It 
is similar to the one that the same sort 
of “ Rough Riders ” gave when they 
rushed San Juan Hill. Then it meant 
patriotic determination to do or to die 
for their country. This time it is their 
loyal greeting to their President. Does 
not this stirring scene remind us of how 
universally our Presidents (notably Will¬ 
iam McKinley) are loved, from the At¬ 
lantic to the Pacific, from the college 
president to the cowboy? 

What action in this scene before us— 
motion marvelously caught and held for 
us forever! 

We will notice just one more section 
of this great parade. 

4 °. The Chinese Join in the Ovation to 
President McKinley. 

This City of the Angels harbors, it 
seems, some strange freaks. This looks 
as if it might be Eve’s old Tempter him¬ 
self ; or, is it a veritable sea serpent which 
has crawled out of the great Pacific? 
No, it has not come out of the Pacific, 
but it has come from beyond its vast 
breadth. This monster is not brought 
out to terrify or to amuse, but rather to 
show the greatest respect and venera¬ 
tion. The dragon is the Chinese royal 
emblem, denoting power, authority and 


83 


of William McKinley. 

honor. Of all men of the Caucasian race 
probably William McKinley stands first 
in the estimation of the Chinese race. 
When all the other powers were in favor 
of practically annihilating the Chinese 
government and so ruining a civilization 
as old as Abraham, our President by his 
calmness and wise statesmanship in the 
midst of international crisis and excite¬ 
ment, and in the face of criticism and 
bitter opposition both at home and 
abroad, held back not only his own of¬ 
ficials, but the governments of Europe; 
his counsels prevailed and China has 
been apparently saved from anarchy and 
ruin, and to-day her doors are open for 
our trade, and America has her confi¬ 
dence and gratitude as has no other 
nation. This is why they greet our Chief 
Magistrate with their token of greatest 
esteem. 

In the afternoon the President will 
make a visit to the National Soldiers* 
Home near Santa Monica, some eight¬ 
een miles distant from Los Angeles. Let 
us also go and see the 

41. Aged Veterans listening to Presi¬ 
dent McKinley. 

We can see the President standing on 
the steps of the building addressing his 
comrades. There are three thousand of 


84 A Stereograph Record 

the Union’s defenders here, representa¬ 
tives from nearly every regiment of the 
Civil War. You could hardly mention 
an engagement of which some one of 
these old-timers could not relate thrilling 
personal experiences. It has been said 
that “ republics know no gratitude.” 
Here is an object lesson which proves 
the fallacy of that statement, at least, so 
far as the greatest of all republics is con¬ 
cerned. No monarchical government ever 
cared for those who fought for it as has 
the United States. We have many of 
these beautiful “ Homes ” scattered 
throughout the different states where our 
soldiers may come and spend their de¬ 
clining years in comfort and peace. 

Forty years ago when other young 
men were getting an education, a busi¬ 
ness training, or learning a trade or pro¬ 
fession, these “boys” here before us 
spent several years risking health and 
life to uphold their country’s flag. When, 
fortunately, they came out alive they 
found the “ stay-at-homes ” stronger 
physically and better trained mentally to 
fight the battles of civil life. Let us not 
grudgingly give them, but rather freely 
acknowledge that to them is due an 
honestly earned liberal portion of our 
country’s prosperity. 


of William McKinley. 85 

This is a great day for these old sol¬ 
diers ; instead of their usual stories of 
battle and skirmish and picket and camp, 
they will talk now for weeks of the visit 
of their old comrade in arms who has 
been exalted to such a lofty position; 
and to-day while it means much to Will¬ 
iam McKinley to be President, he is 
prouder than when his country was in 
its sorest need for true and brave hearts, 
he was associated with these men—these 
brothers—at the front. Can we wonder 
that those who shoulder to shoulder 
braved death for four years in the dead¬ 
liest war of all the ages came out of that 
common baptism of fire and blood with a 
respect and love for each other such as 
the world has seldom seen ? 

After the speech is over let us see the 

42. Civil War Veterans Escorting their 
Distinguished Comrade. 

The Governor of the Home is showing 
the President through the beautiful 
grounds of the institution, accompanied 
by some of the “ Old Guard.” These old- 
timers, we notice, have not forgotten 
how to keep step. The Governor is evi¬ 
dently calling the attention of the Presi¬ 
dent to our operator. There is some¬ 
thing peculiar about the instrument in 
his hands that attracts attention. We 


86 


A Stereograph Record 


can imagine that he is saying, “ There’s 
that everlasting photographer again, but 
what a peculiar double-barreled arrange¬ 
ment he has. It would be hard to dodge 
such a gatling gun.” To which the Pres¬ 
ident smilingly replies, “ Oh, that’s Mr. 
Strohmeyer, he’s all right, he’s one of 
our party.” 

The welcome of the President at Santa 
Barbara was indeed 

43 * A Beautiful Tribute to a Beloved 
Ruler. 

We see him as he enters this charming 
little city, famous both for its old associa¬ 
tions and its equable climate. The car¬ 
riage of roses is drawn by four white 
horses in bedecked white harness. Two 
of them are beyond the range of our 
vision to the left. The President’s body¬ 
guard is also mounted upon white horses. 
We can see several of them just behind 
the President’s carriage. Notice that 
grey moss hanging under the carriage. 
Everyone who has been to California will 
remember how gracefully this moss fes¬ 
toons the great live oaks of the coast. 

Let us pass on now with the carriage 
to the Arlington Hotel and see 

44 * President McKinley Speaking to 
the Multitudes who Welcomed him 
at Santa Barbara, May ro, igoi. 


of William McKinley. 


87 


We see Secretary Hay and Secretary 
Long just behind the President. Let 
us note what the President is saying: 

Mr. Mayor; Ladies and Gentlemen: 

No ordinary words of courtesy and gratitude 
will suffice for this magnificent welcome. Your 
hospitality is boundless, your reception is 
beautiful, and I greatly appreciate both. I 
have been impressed as I travelled through 
Southern California, and notably as I have 
come through the streets of your beautiful city 
this morning, how cosmopolitan you are, repre¬ 
senting all nationalities and all races, each 
worshiping God according to the dictates of 
his own conscience, differing as you may upon 
public questions, but all of you having one 
great political creed—that of Country. [Ap¬ 
plause.] I suppose I might call the roll of 
the States of this Union today commencing 
with the original thirteen and going through 
the list of thirty-two which have been later 
added, and I could find in this vast audience a 
representative of each of them, all dwelling to¬ 
gether here in the city of Santa Barbara; and 
I might call the roll of all the wars in which 
this nation has been engaged, commencing 
with the Mexican War, and I doubt not I 
would find ready answers in this great audi¬ 
ence from some who served in that war and in 
every subsequent war in which this nation has 
been involved. I could find here also the men 
of our own race and of our own country, who 
were at war with each other from 1861 to 1865; 
members of the Union Army, members of the 
Confederate Army, all here in your midst and 
all united in giving welcome to the President 


88 


A Stereograph Record 


of the United States, and each vying with the 
other in loyalty to the flag and devotion to our 
common constitution. [Applause.] 

My fellow citizens, what a splendid civiliza¬ 
tion comes out from the old States and from 
the old nationalities that are represented here 
today, the best civilization in the world, a civil¬ 
ization based upon liberty, upon equality, upon 
self-government—a civilization that leads 
wherever it goes, whether here or in the dis¬ 
tant seas; and wherever our civilization goes 
it carries the ark of freedom; no matter where, 
our liberty, our freedom, our sense of justice, 
are not extinguished in any clime the globe 
around [applause]; and here, facing the Pa¬ 
cific, I am reminded that this ark of liberty has 
moved out into this great ocean. [Applause.] 
Your Mayor says that your fellow citizens en¬ 
listed for the Spanish War. They did; and I 
shall never forget the quick and ready re¬ 
sponse that came from the State of California 
to the call of the President of the United 
States. [Applause.] I shall never forget how 
many thousands wanted to go and we could 
not accept them. Why did they want to go? 
They wanted to go that they might relieve a 
people who had lived in oppression for cen¬ 
turies and sustain the flag and honor of the 
Republic. [Applause.] As the result of that 
war we are in the Philippines, and we do not 
mean to come away, [Great applause and 
cheering], and we mean to give to these dis¬ 
tant people what we gave to California more 
than fifty years ago—the blessings of security 
and liberty. [Applause.] 

Now, my friends, others are here; I want 
you to meet my Cabinet, I want you to meet 


of William McKinley. 89 

the men who assist me in the conduct of the 
Government. It is a great responsibility to be 
committed to any man, I care not who he is, 
and it is only because he has the loyal support 
of the seventy-five millions of people that he is 
encouraged in the performance of the trust to 
him confided. I thank you all for this warm 
welcome and bid you good morning. [Ap¬ 
plause and cheering.] 

While the indisposition of Mrs. Mc¬ 
Kinley after reaching Del Monte (Mon¬ 
terey) prevented the President from car¬ 
rying out some of his appointments and 
plans, he took special pains to attend 
the annual encampment of the Depart¬ 
ment of California and Nevada, Grand 
Army of the Republic, at Pacific Grove, 
which is a small town a few miles west 
of Monterey. He met and spoke to his 
old comrades in the little church, and we 
will now see 

45. President McKinley Leaving the 
Church after Addressing the 
Grand Army . 

He commenced his address here in a 
light vein, but soon was visibly moved 
as he talked of the perils and sacrifices 
they had endured together. He seems 
to be still thinking of the old days. What 
a flood of memories these reunions bring 
up! The President is a patriot through 
and through and looks back to his sol- 


90 A Stereograph Record 

dier career with extreme satisfaction. 
His military record is one that he may 
well be proud of. Entering the army as 
a private, an eighteen-year-old boy, with¬ 
out military training, he was advanced 
for “ gallant and meritorious service in 
battle/’ one step after another, as non¬ 
commissioned and as commissioned offi¬ 
cer until, in less than four years, at barely 
22 years of age he had received his com¬ 
mission as Major. During this period 
his Colonel, Rutherford B. Hayes, en¬ 
tered in his regimental diary—“ The new 
second lieutenant McKinley returned to¬ 
day—an exceedingly bright, intelligent 
and gentlemanly young officer. He 
promises to be one of the best.” At a 
later date he added, “ He has kept the 
promise in every sense of the word.” 
Young McKinley took active part in 
every one of the many engagements in 
which his regiment participated during 
his more than four years’ service. His 
horse was shot under him at Barryville 
in 1865, but he came out of the war with¬ 
out a scratch. 

Although the increasing illness of 
Mrs. McKinley had caused the President 
to hasten on to San Francisco, where she 
might receive expert treatment, every 
comfort and complete rest, he wanted, 


of William McKinley . 


9 « 


where possible, to meet the desires of the 
thousands who had been anticipating his 
coming. Therefore on the 13th he left 
the bedside of his sick wife for a few 
hours to lessen the disappointment at 
San Jose, where a great rose carnival had 
been inaugurated in his honor. 

46. President McKinley Addressing 
the People of San Jose, May 
13th, iqoi . 

To the Mayor’s address of welcome the 
President is responding, in part as 
follows: 

Mr. Mayor and Fellow Citizens: 

We have had many warm and generous 
greetings as we journeyed from the Potomac 
to the Pacific Slope; but none has been more 
interesting or more generous and memorable 
than the one which the people of Santa Clara 
County and of San Jose accord us today. [Ap¬ 
plause.] I observe that I face not only this 
multitude of Americans, but I face the head¬ 
quarters of a thousand old Ohioans, who, with 
my other fellow citizens, give us welcome. 
We are all proud of our States, and well we 
may be, whether we come from the North or 
whether we come from the South. We are 
proud of our birthplace and of our State citi¬ 
zenship; but above all, we rejoice in this great 
nation, the glory of its achievements, in the 
flag which represents liberty and law and the 
constitution of the nation that shelters us all. 
[Applause.] 

We have seen everything in California; we 


92 


A Stereograph Record 


have eaten of your fruits and your fishes; we 
have tasted the perfumes of your flowers; we 
have visited the ancient mission churches, 
where the altar of religion was first raised, and 
whose chimes have sounded through the cen¬ 
turies their message of hope and benediction; 
we have heard the dashing waves of your 
ocean; we have felt the sunshine—and we 
have been tanned somewhat by its rays 
[Laughter]—but we have all the time felt the 
warm touch of your hearts. 

In peace or in war you have been faithful. 
We live under a Constitution that was made 
for 4,000,000 people, and yet it has proved 
quite adequate for 75,000,000 people. [Ap¬ 
plause.] It has embraced within it every na¬ 
tional duty and purpose, and has never stood 
in the way of our development and expansion. 
That instrument seems almost to be inspired to 
carry forward the holy mission of liberty. It 
seems not to have been made alone for those 
who framed it and their successors, but for all 
ages and all mankind. 

That instrument stands today almost as It 
left the hands of its framers. Few amend¬ 
ments have been added, and those have only 
been to enlarge the priceless blessings of lib¬ 
erty and free government to the people, and 
no amendment can ever be made to the con¬ 
stitution of this country that will curtail the 
supreme and sovereign power of the people. 
[Great applause.] We have lived under it for 
a hundred and twenty-five years, in storm and 
in sunshine, in war within and without, amid 
passions and tumult, and after a century and a 
quarter that great instrument stands unsullied 
by a single lapse of principle. [Applause.] 


of William McKinley. 


93 


To us, my fellow citizens, young and old, the 
preservation of that constitution is committed. 
It is a sacred instrument, and it is a sacred 
trust given to us to see to it that it is pre¬ 
served in all its virtue and vigor, to be passed 
along to the generations yet to come. 

Glorious Constitution, glorious Union, glori¬ 
ous Flag! Seventy-five millions of people stand 
together as they never before stood to defend 
them all! [Enthusiastic applause.] 

The President remained only for the 
formal exercises, one hour, and left on 
the 3.30 P. M. train for San Francisco 
and the sick room of his loved wife. 
During the anxious days that followed 
the President canceled most of his en¬ 
gagements. Many thousands were, of 
course, disappointed. But there were two 
classes which were always of special in¬ 
terest to the President which he felt 
bound to meet wherever possible. These 
were our public school children and our 
soldiers, and he so appreciated both that 
he thoroughly enjoyed addressing them. 

One of the first public appearances of 
the President after the crisis in Mrs. Mc¬ 
Kinley’s illness was a review of the 
pupils of the public schools of San Fran¬ 
cisco. The children were formed along 
both sides of Van Ness Avenue from 
Jackson to Market Streets, leaving room 
in the center of the street for the car- 


94 


A Stereograph Record 


riages of the presidential party to drive 
up and down the lines. Half way be¬ 
tween California and Sacramento Streets 
the President’s carriage stops. “ Speech! 
speech! speech! ” rings out along the 
avenue, and the enthusiastic, cheering 
youngsters break ranks and swarm by 
thousands about the carriage. The Pres¬ 
ident at first retains his seat, reaching 
down and shaking hands for several min¬ 
utes, but finally rises amid deafening 
cheers. We are, by the assistance of 
some policemen, at the very point from 
which we can obtain the best view. 

47. President McKinley Reviewing the 
45,000 School Children of San 
Francisco, May 21st, igoi. 

Let us note a part of what he says to 
these young Americans: 

I desire in a single moment to express the 
pleasure which has been given me to meet the 
forty-five thousand school children of the city 
of San Francisco. It has given me an intro¬ 
duction into the countless homes of your great 
city and has permitted me to witness the sun¬ 
shine which this vast number of young people 
bring to the firesides of the city. I know of 
no richer possession than scholarship, no 
nobler ambition than to obtain it. We cannot 
all be great scholars, but we can all have good 
scholarship. I want to assure you young peo¬ 
ple that there is nothing so essential to your 
easy advancement and success in after life as 


of William McKinley. 


95 


a good education. If those of us who have 
battled in the rivalries and contentions of a 
busy world could go back to our youth and 
school days, we would embrace cheerfully our 
neglected opportunities and pursue them with 
industry and delight. If the testimony of the 
active men of San Francisco and the Coun¬ 
try could be taken, it would be uniform in the 
declaration of the embarrassments under 
which they had suffered from scanty mental 
training in youth. 

Nothing has given me more pleasure in my 
long trip from the Atlantic to the Pacific than 
the scene which we have witnessed here this 
morning. Every child waving the flag of our 
faith and our hope, and every little heart filled 
with the love of Country! What an army for 
liberty and union and civilization! Why, we 
have in the public schools of the United States 
fourfold more children than there were people 
when this government was founded, and all of 
them proud of their country, and all of them 
revering its institutions, and all of them mean¬ 
ing that when the time comes for them to take 
the responsibilities of administration they will 
be prepared to do their duty and pass along 
this free government with ever-increasing vir¬ 
tue, intelligence and patriotism. 

I thank you and wish for all of you the 
realization of every worthy ambition. [Great 
applause.] 

On May 23d the President went to the 
Presidio, which is a government reserva¬ 
tion just outside of San Francisco where 
the thousands of soldiers going and com- 


9 6 


A Stereograph Record 

ing from the Philippines have been tem¬ 
porarily quartered. 

48. President McKinley Speaking to 
the 46th Volunteers Just Returned 
from the Philippines. 

Forty years before this hour President 
McKinley stood in the ranks, younger 
than most of these young men, but a 
private soldier the same as they. To-day 
he stands here before them, the twice 
honored President of his country. What 
an unusual rise this would be in any 
other land. But what is still more re¬ 
markable is that in this country it is the 
usual thing, not the exception, for our 
greatest leaders to have come up “ from 
the ranks.” What noble stock our so- 
called “ common ” people are! 

When our flag first waved in the 
breeze over our Revolutionary soldiers, 
the thirteen stars in its field of blue had 
quite a different effect from the rows 
upon rows of closely placed stars in these 
flags before us. And think what a great 
commonwealth each represents. Almost 
any one of our states now contains more 
wealth than the thirteen of the original 
Union. 

The President is addressing the sol¬ 
diers with much feeling. Let us listen 
to the closing words: 


97 


of William McKinley. 

You were citizens before you were soldiers. 
And you became soldiers because you were 
citizens, loving your country, attached to your 
free institutions, and because of which you 
were willing to give that which is the best any 
man can give, his own life’s blood, for the 
honor of his country. You have done your 
duty. You have done it nobly, and you come 
back to enter the walks of citizenship with 
your other fellow citizens and take the places 
that you left when you enlisted two years ago. 
That is one thing about American honor that 
is a surprise to the world. We have mustered 
great armies. The greatest army that ever 
was mustered was from ’61 to ’65; and yet, 
when the war was over, when Lee surrendered 
to Grant at Appomattox, the nearly two mil¬ 
lions of men came back to their homes and fell 
into the quiet of citizenship, sustaining the 
government for which they fought 

And so you come back, as youi fathers came 
back more than thirty years ago, having done 
your duty; and it is a proud thing to do duty 
for your country. You came back having done 
your full duty as soldiers, now to do your full 
duty as citizens. And I want to express my 
heartfelt thanks to all of you for the services 
you have rendered. I wish for all of you and 
to all belonging to you every kind thing in this 
life. I thank you. 

At the close cheer after cheer was 
given by the soldiers. 

On May 24th, the morning before 
leaving San Francisco, the President was 
prevailed upon to go on a tally-ho drive. 


98 A Stereograph Record 

It will be interesting to go along and 
see 

4Q. The Presidential Tallyho Party in 
Golden Gate Park. 

We see the President on the front seat 
of the coach. But who is that third gen¬ 
tleman on the second seat—surely we 
have all seen those features before. It 
is General Fred Grant, and as he sits 
there he is an almost startling likeness 
of his illustrious father who marshaled 
and directed the movements of a million 
soldiers. This, the second General Grant, 
has just returned from the campaign 
in the Philippines. The other occupants 
of the coach are also people of note. 
The driver is Mr. Henry Crocker, a 
distinguished son of one of the best 
known families in San Francisco. That 
gentleman on the other side of Gen. 
Grant is Mayor Phelan of San Francisco. 
The two gentlemen this side of General 
Grant you probably will recognize, they 
are Secretary Wilson and Secretary to 
the President Cortelyou. Standing by 
the third seats are Secretary Smith, Mrs. 
Crocker and Miss Wilson. (The Presi¬ 
dent especially requested Mr. Stroh- 
meyer to make this scene as a souvenir 
of the drive.) 

On May 24th the President crossed 


of William McKinley. 


99 


over the bay to the superb city of Oak¬ 
land; and there amid charming scenic 
surroundings we see 

5o. President McKinley Speaking from 
his Cairiage to the School Chil¬ 
dren of Oakland, California . 

The President stands just behind the 
coachman and footman in that carriage. 
It is nearly hidden by the children. Look 
at these costumes. There is no other 
country on the face of the earth where 
the children of the free schools would 
look so prosperous. In democratic 
America the wealthy do not separate 
their children and so instill into them the 
idea that they belong to any exclusive 
class. In spite of European talk to the 
contrary there is no country where 
wealth is made so little of in comparison 
to merit, and this is first implanted in 
the young minds in our public schools. 
Our best citizens realize, too, that in few 
of our private or sectarian institutions of 
learning can our children receive so 
thorough, broad, and practical an ele¬ 
mentary education as in the public 
schools. Many of these young ladies 
near us, and that row of young men on 
the bank, are from the High School. 
They will graduate, finally prepared to 
enter aljj:h^£tsual channels of business or 


IOO 


A Stereograph Record 


social life, or ready, if they can devote 
more time to school work, to step into 
the freshman class of any of our great 
institutions of advanced classical or 
scientific education. But let us attend 
to part of what the President is saying: 

There is nothing that shows the wisdom and 
foresightedness of the fathers of the Republic 
so much as the provisions which they made 
for public education. [Great applause.] They 
dedicated vast tracts of the public domain for 
the free education of the people, and they 
never did a wiser thing. These great schools 
of the Country, found in every State and ter¬ 
ritory of the Union, invite the people, and all 
the people, to partake of their advantages. 
They have done quite as much, if not more, 
than any one single thing for our liberty, for 
our enlightenment and for the safety of our 
institutions. [Enthusiastic applause.] There 
is nothing better in the United States than edu¬ 
cated citizenship. And there is no excuse for 
any boy or girl anywhere beneath the flag who 
fails to profit by educational advantages that 
may fit them not only for good citizenship, but 
for good, successful business in every walk of 
life. [Applause.] 

And, my young friends, there never was a 
time in all our history when knowledge was so 
essential to success as now. Everything re¬ 
quires knowledge—the industries, every science, 
the great business undertakings—there isn’t a 
manufacturer anywhere who doesn’t have to 
employ chemists, and the great electrical plants 
of the country are drafting thousands of young 
men every year into their service. What we 


of William McKinley . ioi 

want of the young people now is exact knowl¬ 
edge. You want to know whatever you under¬ 
take to do a little better than anybody else. 
And if you will do that, then there isn’t any¬ 
thing that is not within your reach, I don’t 
care what it is. And what you want besides 
education is character. Character! There is 
nothing that will serve a young man or an old 
man as well as good character. And did you 
ever think of it, it is just as easy to form a 
good habit as it is to form a bad one, and it is 
just as hard to break a good habit as it is to 
break a bad one; so get the good ones and 
keep them, and with education and character 
you not only achieve individual success, but 
you will contribute largely to the success of 
your country, to the glory of its institutions 
and its flag. 

I thank you all and wish you all well, and 
bid you good morning and good bye. [Enthu¬ 
siastic applause.] 

We all remember that, while Mrs. Mc¬ 
Kinley continued to improve, the Presi¬ 
dent, fearing that there might be some 
risk of a relapse from the fatigue or ex¬ 
citement which might come if any part 
of the arranged program of the return 
trip were adhered to, decided to return 
direct to Washington. The ladies of the 
Pacific Coast had been sorely disap¬ 
pointed because they were not able to 
meet Mrs. McKinley, but at several cities 
as a token of their love and sympathy 
for the gentle invalid they literally cov- 


102 


A Stereograph Record 


ered the train with flowers and bunting. 
Let us look at the result of some of this 
affectionate labor. 

51. The Engine which Carried the 
Nation's Pilot—President McKin¬ 
ley's Train Leaving Oakland, 

What a beautiful farewell to the hon¬ 
ored couple who are just starting on the 
long journey to the Nation’s Capital. 
We are here at the very moment the 
train begins to move. See the steam 
coming out of the piston valve. The 
whistle blew only an instant ago. We 
can still see the steam around it. It Is 
doubtful if this work of fair hands stays 
in place long, as the throbbing engine 
speeds swiftly on its eastward way, but it 
has already served its purpose and in this 
stereographed scene it will last through 
the centuries, a memorial of loyalty and 
love. 

The President had frequently ex¬ 
pressed the hope of coming again to this 
land of flowers and sunshine. We know 
now that it was never to be realized. 

We are at the end of this great jour¬ 
ney, which, though cut off suddenly 
when no more than half completed, is 
still the most important tour of visitation 
to his fellow countrymen ever made by 
any of our Chief Magistrates. The re- 


of William McKinley. 103 

turn to Washington was made in abso¬ 
lute quiet. At a few places where it 
became known that the train would pass, 
a silent throng stood with uncovered 
heads as the car which bore the nation’s 
most honored citizen, and the gentle in¬ 
valid, his beloved wife, passed on toward 
their home, the White House. 

We all remember how we rejoiced 
with the President as Mrs. McKinley 
grew stronger, until she was able to go 
with her husband back to the old home 
at Canton, and how there, during the 
summer months, surrounded by old as¬ 
sociations, she entirely regained her 
wonted health until the President elated¬ 
ly declared that Mrs. McKinley had not 
seemed so well for years. Then, in Sep¬ 
tember they went to Buffalo. The whole 
world knows the rest. How on Septem¬ 
ber 5th he made a great speech, outlin¬ 
ing his future policy, and how the day 
following, September 6th, while shaking 
hands with thousands who passed by him 
in line (as we saw the people doing in 
Quincy, Illinois, in 1899), our noble 
President, William McKinley, was shot 
by a Judas who shall be nameless here. 
We know how the nation stood for six 
long days in an agony of suspense, which 
gradually changed into hope that was 


io4 A Stereograph Record 

so suddenly blighted—as the wires 
flashed the news of the relapse, and in a 
few short hours we knew that William 
McKinley had been called “ up higher/’ 

We remember too, how after the pre¬ 
liminary services, the body was brought 
back to the Capitol, there to receive the 
more formal honors of the Nation. Let 
us look upon the casket which contains 

52. The Mortal Remains of President 
McKinley in the White House , 
September 16th, igoi. 

We are in the East room where the 
closed casket was brought directly and 
without ceremony after the arrival late 
in the evening. Very appropriately the 
White House is closed to visitors. Only 
the dead President and the intimate 
friends of his household are in the home 
in which he has spent the four crowning 
years of his career. To-morrow, many 
thousands will stand in the rain for hours, 
and in a fatiguing and dangerous crush 
will crowd up the Capitol steps to obtain 
in the uncertain light of the rotunda a 
hurried glimpse of this bier and of the 
shrunken face within. How much more 
impressive it is to be here in the stillness 
of this beautiful room. Even the shad¬ 
owy figure of the silent guard adds to 


of William McKinley. 105 

our feeling that we are alone with the 
illustrious dead. 

It is indeed fitting that President Mc¬ 
Kinley's body should be first brought to 
this great reception room where so many 
times he has met his fellow citizens. Here 
before his casket, draped with the flag 
he loved and served so well, we are im¬ 
pressed with the truth of these words of 
Senator Mason of Illinois: 

Where before in history is that character of 
gentleness, of strength, of bravery, of purity? 
I do not know. History has not written the 
name. 

Another who had often been called to 
the President's councils says: 

Could anything show the character of the 
man more clearly than his three earliest utter¬ 
ances after the shots? This statesman, with 
the secrets of nations in his mind, the conduct 
of vast diplomatic affairs in his keeping, 
thought first of his wife and said: “ Don’t tell 
Mrs. McKinley! ” Then hearing the tumult 
about the assassin, his next words were: 
“ Don’t let anybody hurt him.” Then, with 
the thoughtful courtesy that marked him, he 
said: “I am so sorry that anything has hap¬ 
pened to me to throw a cloud over the expo¬ 
sition.” The beautiful character that has so 
lofty an unselfishness, so instinctive and deeply 
ingrained, is the greatest gift to the people. 

We are content though we may not 
look upon the changed face. We prefer 


106 A Stereograph Record 

to remember William McKinley as we 
have so many times seen him, full of the 
vigor of health. 

These flowers on the bier are the sim¬ 
ple though beautiful tributes from loving 
friends. Let us turn and look at a few 
more imposing 

53. Floral Tributes to Our Martyred 
President. 

The nearest design we see comes from 
Iowa. That great wreath hanging like 
a triumphal bower over all is from the 
employees of the great Government 
Bureau of Printing and Engraving. The 
farther one is from officers and soldiers 
of the Philippines. What a marvelous 
age we live in. Loving hearts, though 
8000 miles away, can send instructions 
flying along the great reach of electric 
wires and so have their love emblemized 
to-night by this beautiful design. As 
we admire these flower tokens from far 
and near, let us read a tribute of beau¬ 
tiful words from Senator Hoar: 

We have just listened to the voice of the 
civilized world, speaking nearly in one accord 
as it has almost never spoken before. Modern 
science has called into life these mighty ser¬ 
vants, the press and the telegraph, who have 
created a nerve which joins together all human 
hearts, and which pulses simultaneously over 
the globe. 


of William McKinley. 107 

Was the nobleness of humanity, as God 
created it, ever more vindicated than by what 
has happened now? What emotion has stirred 
it? A poor fiend shoots off his little bolt, 
one human life is stricken down, and a throb 
of love fills a planet. Could any base or 
ignoble passion have so moved mankind? 
Hatred touched a chord from which there comes 
no response, save that in a few cellars or gar¬ 
rets, where the enemies of the human race 
hide themselves as they take counsel together. 
The victim of the crime utters only an expres¬ 
sion of pity and care for the safety of his 
enemy, and there is a thrill of sympathy in the 
bosom of all mankind. 

There is another lesson of comfort and good 
cheer, and good hope. It is in the sincere con¬ 
fession which comes from every sect, from 
every creed, from every church, as to what 
makes up the essence of Christian character 
and Christian faith. President McKinley 
stated about a year ago what he thought to be 
the essence of Christianity. This is what he 
said: 

“ The religion which Christ founded has 
been a mighty influence in the civilization of 
the human race. If we of to-day owed to it 
nothing more than this, our debt of apprecia¬ 
tion would be incalculable. The doctrine of 
love, purity and right living has step by step 
won its way into the heart of mankind, has 
exalted home and family, and has filled the 
future with hope and promise.” 

Now, a good deal more has happened than 
an outburst of love and sympathy moved by a 
tragic scene. Men of all Christian sects are 
taking this occasion to declare what it is that 


108 A Stereograph Record 

makes the true Christian, what sort of example 
men ought to imitate, and what entitles them 
to the favor of God. 

We hear nothing of Athanasian creeds, of 
the Five Points of Calvinism, or Unitarian 
statements of faith, or church covenants, or de¬ 
crees of councils. The Catholic and Pro¬ 
testant, and Calvinist and Presbyterian, and 
Universalist and Unitarian, and Methodist and 
Episcopalian, speaking by their most trusted 
representatives, and their highest authorities, 
declare that this man’s life was Christian, and 
this man’s faith was Christianity. 

On the morning of September 17th 
(and it is an especial privilege) we stand 
out on the upper balcony of the Presi¬ 
dent’s Mansion and witness 

54. The Cortege Leaving the White 
House. 

Slowly down this driveway, through a 
fine drizzling rain, the solemn procession 
is winding its way to that gate which 
we see at the end of the drive. It leads 
to Pennsylvania Avenue. The Marine 
Band stationed out there on the avenue 
has just played the now doubly sacred 
hymn, “ Nearer, my God, to Thee.” We 
see the hearse surrounded by its distin¬ 
guished guard of honor; that carriage 
next behind the hearse contains Ex- 
President Cleveland accompanied by 
Rear Admiral Robley D. Evans and 
General John M. Wilson. The next 


of William McKinley. 


109 


one contains President and Mrs. 
Roosevelt, with Mrs. Roosevelt’s broth¬ 
er, Commander W. S. Cowles. These 
other carriages in the center of the 
drive contain the members of the 
Cabinet and a number of ex-Cabinet 
members. The carriages on the sides 
of the drive contain members of 
the Diplomatic Corps; they will take 
their places behind the carriages of the 
Cabinet members as the procession 
moves on. 

Mrs. McKinley is not with the pro¬ 
cession and will not take part in the 
services in the Capitol; she has hoped to 
be able to do so, but at the last moment 
her physicians have decided that in her 
feeble condition it would be running too 
great a risk; so she is in her room up¬ 
stairs. How lonely this old house that 
has been her home for the past four 
years must seem to-day. It has all been 
so sudden; only a few days ago he was 
so strong and full of life! Is it not some 
awful dream, and will she not waken and 
find her loving husband standing by her 
side, ready as always to cheer her invalid 
life? Or, as she hears the stamping of 
the horses’ hoofs on the driveway below, 
can she not step to the window and see 
him watching for her appearance there, 


I IO 


A Stereograph Record 


to wave a fond adieu before he goes to 
the Capitol ? Ah ! no, her love, her Pres¬ 
ident will not go to the Capitol to-day 
or ever again. He has been promoted to 
the Capitol of the Universe, and she must 
patiently wait here a little while, perhaps 
a few years. It will be lonesome waiting, 
but, oh, the joy of the reunion. For this 
frail woman, debarred from many of life’s 
pleasures, the White House has become 
a home full of happy associations. They 
had planned to live here four years 
longer, but, now how different! In a 
few hours she too will leave never again 
to enter as its mistress. In a few days 
others will occupy these rooms, which 
are so associated with her beloved that 
they seem to be sacred to her dead. 

Let us now leave the White House 
portico and see 

55. President McKinley’s Remains 
Passing by the United States 
Treasury on the Way to the Capi¬ 
tol. 

Twenty-four years ago William Mc¬ 
Kinley first went to the Capitol and com¬ 
menced the fourteen years of his Con¬ 
gressional career which gave him 
national renown, and prepared him as 
few have been prepared to fulfill the 
presidential duties. 


of William McKinley. hi 

To-day seemingly endless lines of sor¬ 
rowing humanity stand mutely with 
heads bared to the rain as his funeral 
cortege moves along this historic Penn¬ 
sylvania Avenue which has witnessed so 
many triumphs and afflictions of the Na¬ 
tion's chosen chiefs. In front of the 
hearse we can see the last of a guard 
of honor composed of grizzled veterans 
of the war which first took their now 
illustrious comrade from his father’s 
home and dedicated him to the Nation. 
On either side of the hearse we see the 
epauleted officers of our Army and Navy 
who responded to their President’s call 
in the last war. Next to the hearse on 
either side is the artillery bodyguard, or 
pall bearers. The five on this side are 
from the Navy, on the other side from 
the Army. 

His mortal body rested last night in 
the President’s mansion, but William 
McKinley dwells in mansions more 
splendid than those of earth. He is mov¬ 
ing onward to-day, along grander ways 
than this over which we see his country¬ 
men bearing his wasted frame. Few 
men, if any, in our history have been 
so conspicuously faithful in the discharge 
of duty, wherever placed, as private sol¬ 
dier, officer, congressman, Governor or 


I I 2 


A Stereograph Record 


President, and his private life has been 
equally distinguished. William McKin¬ 
ley had faithfully used the talents placed 
in his keeping and when his Master 
called, he had earned the plaudit “ well 
done.” 

But now the hearse with its guards has 
passed, so let us turn a little that we may 
see the full side of this massive building. 

56. The Funeral Procession Passing 
the United States Treasury. 

Noting that colonnade of noble pillars 
we again remember how depleted were 
the inner vaults when President McKin¬ 
ley came into office, while now they are 
so happily replenished, and at the same 
time the country at large is experiencing 
such remarkable prosperity. 

But the lowered symbol fluttering mid¬ 
way of its staff above the roof reminds 
us that at this sad moment every flag 
o’er this wide continent is half-masted— 
a Nation’s sign of grief—and not alone 
in America, but in every capital over the 
round world every ensign flutters low in 
sympathy. 

Although the hearse has passed out 
of sight, the drenched people still stand, 
many of them without umbrellas, silently 
watching the procession, a striking con- 


of William McKinley. 113 

trast to the joyous crowds that lined this 
street at the last two inaugurations. 

In the distance, towering dimly in the 
mist, stands the tallest of all obelisks, that 
fitting emblem commemorative of recti¬ 
tude and greatness, the Washington mon¬ 
ument. And along this same avenue 
marched in that famous grand review 
the mighty, triumphal army of the Re¬ 
public while still mourning at the shrine 
of our first untimely martyr. Washing¬ 
ton, Lincoln, McKinley! History does 
not reveal nobler characters than these 
three. 

After the ceremonies at the Capitol, in 
the dusk of the evening, surrounded by 
the distinguished guard, the remains 
were borne to the station and the funeral 
party started on its long journey to Can¬ 
ton. Let us now witness, 

57. The Arrival of William McKin¬ 
ley’s Remains at the Court House, 
Canton, Ohio. 

It is about noon, September 18th, 
1901. Canton is ready for this last 
“ home-coming.” On other days she 
welcomed her great son with waving 
banners and cheers, and with bows and 
smiles; to-day she is silent, with streets 
in solemn black. 

Men are about to remove the casket 


114 


A Stereograph Record 


from the hearse and carry it up those 
steps and into the courthouse rotunda, 
and there, this afternoon, Canton will 
see the form of her best beloved citizen 
for the last time. To-night, too, the 
President’s body will for the last time be 
in his old home. To-morrow, after ser¬ 
vices in the Methodist church, of which 
he was such a faithful member, they will 
lay him in the West Lawn Cemetery. 
In this crowded street somewhere un¬ 
doubtedly are those children with whom 
we saw him shaking hands less than two 
years ago. What a precious memory 
that handshake will always be to those 
sons and daughters of the President’s old 
neighbors. 

Canton is too small a town to accom¬ 
modate the hundreds of military organi¬ 
zations from all parts of the country 
which have requested the privilege of 
taking part in the ceremonies, so it has 
been decided that only neighboring mili¬ 
tary companies will be in the procession; 
but there is one significant exception, 
that of the “ Gate City ” Guards of At¬ 
lanta, Ga. They sent a touching letter 
saying that President McKinley had 
shown so noble a spirit toward the 
South that the people of Atlanta pleaded 
to be allowed to show recognition of 


of William McKinley. 115 

it. They would come prepared to take 
care of themselves, etc. And this is why 
the Committee have made this one ex¬ 
ception. 

The services are over; the last pro¬ 
cession has passed up the flower-strewn 
street to the vault. The flowers (sweet 
pea blossoms) were the offering of the 
school children of Nashville, Tenn., and 
no tribute of love more amply fulfilled 
its mission, or more completely carried 
its message of affection. Thousands of 
the marchers and spectators picked up 
these blossoms and carefully preserved 
them as reminders of the day, and as 
tokens of the restored unity of the 
Nation. Let us visit the quiet, sacred 
spot where the “ dust ” is laid and see the 

58. Floral Tributes around the Dead 
President's Temporary Resting 
Place, September 19, 1901 . 

We stand before the receiving vault of 
the beautiful Canton Cemetery. Here 
the beloved form that we have seen so 
many times, and upon such sublime oc¬ 
casions, will rest until a fitting recep¬ 
tacle can be erected by his loving country¬ 
men, which will testify to future ages 
their appreciation of his noble life. We 
see only a small part of the floral dis¬ 
play. It spreads out many feet to our 


116 A Stereograph Record 

right and left. Never before on this 
continent has there been such a collec¬ 
tion of floral tributes. Nearly every 
country in both hemispheres is repre¬ 
sented. The number of tokens from the 
United States is almost past counting. 
There is scarcely a man in public life 
whose tribute of respect for the virtues 
of William McKinley does not lie near 
his vault to-day. Many beautiful de¬ 
signs are unmarked, and it will never be 
known from whom they came. This 
close urn is beautiful, but let us notice a 
very significant tribute. Do you see that 
large wreath immediately over the en¬ 
trance? It is of Galax leaves, and is the 
offering of the King of Italy, whose royal 
father was so recently the victim of a 
similar fiendish act, by an anarchist sent 
out from a city in our own country (Pat¬ 
erson, New Jersey) by an organization 
which openly met and avowed their ap¬ 
proval of the deed and their sympathy 
with the murderer. And such vipers are 
still allowed to roam at will! On the 
black ribbon hanging from this wreath is 
inscribed “Requiem aeternam donaei Do- 
mine ”. (Eternal rest give unto him, O 
Lord.) 

Close to the other side of the vault en¬ 
trance we see a large design of the offi- 


of William McKinley. 117 

cial badge of the Grand Army of the 
Republic. Beyond and looking between 
the floral urn and the nearest wreath 
we observe a small cradle covered with 
flowers. Let us step over in front of it 
and look at some more of these interest¬ 
ing 

59. Tributes of Love from thelNation. 

Some distance back we may see a 
guard in this hallowed spot. Soldiers 
will day and night continuously watch 
that no ghoul shall ever desecrate the 
sepulcher of the great dead. Among 
these rich and varied designs we notice 
to our right the emblem of Masonry, 
from some Lodge of brother masons. To 
our left notice the smaller design that 
has the floral flag across its front. In 
the field of white flowers above the flag 
we may discern the words, “ Nearer, my 
God, to Thee.” The beautiful hymn was 
his last prayer; almost his last words. 
What sublime trust; what a lesson of 
faith to the Nation! Farther away we 
see a large design of the flag of the new 
Republic of Cuba. But possibly the most 
interesting of all the tributes that sur¬ 
round the tomb of our martyred Presi¬ 
dent is this close little flower-filled cradle 
that we first noticed from our preceding 
position. It is the cradle in which Wil- 


ii8 A Stereograph Record 

liam McKinley was rocked in infancy, 
and is sent by the little city of Niles, 
Ohio, where the President was bom. It 
is to be returned to Niles and carefully 
preserved by the city. “ From the cradle 
to the grave.” Somewhere in this coun¬ 
try to-day a fond mother will rock a 
slumbering babe that will one day be the 
President of the most powerful govern¬ 
ment the world has ever known. The 
gentle woman who rocked this cradle 
years ago little dreamed of the noble ca¬ 
reer her son would have, but she patient¬ 
ly and diligently instilled into him right 
sentiments and aspirations, wisely realiz¬ 
ing that whether his path in life should 
be among the distinguished or the hum¬ 
ble, they would prove equally important 
to him. Shall we here note lessons which 
ex-President Grover Cleveland draws 
from the life of William McKinley in his 
speech to-day (September 19, 1901), be¬ 
fore the students of Princeton Univer¬ 
sity ? After an eloquent tribute to Presi¬ 
dent McKinley’s character and achieve¬ 
ments, Mr. Cleveland continued as fol¬ 
lows : 

First in my thoughts are the lessons to 
be learned from the career of William Mc¬ 
Kinley by the young men who make up the 
student body of our University. These les¬ 
sons are not obscure or difficult. They teach 


of William McKinley. ng 

the value of study and mental training, but 
they teach more impressively that the road to 
usefulness and to the only success worth hav¬ 
ing will be missed or lost except it is sought 
and kept by the light of those qualities of 
the heart which it is sometimes supposed 
may be safely neglected or subordinated in 
university surroundings. This assumption is 
a great mistake. Study and study hard; but 
never let the thought enter your mind that 
study alone or the greatest possible accu¬ 
mulation of learning alone will lead you to 
the heights of usefulness and success. The 
man who is universally mourned to-day 
achieved the highest distinction which his 
great country can confer on any man, and 
he lived a useful life. He was not deficient 
in education, but with all you will hear of 
his grand career and his service to his coun¬ 
try and to his fellow citizens, you will not hear 
that the high plane he reached or what he 
accomplished was due to his education. 
You will instead constantly hear as account¬ 
ing for his great success that he was obedient 
and affectionate as a son, patriotic and faith¬ 
ful as a soldier, honest and upright as a 
citizen, tender and devoted as a husband, and 
truthful, generous, unselfish, moral and clean 
in every relation of life. He never thought 
any of these things too weak for his manliness. 
Make no mistake. Here was a most dis¬ 
tinguished man, a great man, a useful man— 
who became distinguished, great and useful 
because he had, and retained unimpaired, 
qualities of heart which I fear university 
students sometimes feel like keeping in the 
background or abandoning. 


120 


Tributes to 


But, let us not have our last impres¬ 
sions come as from the grave. Let us 
think of this great man as we have al¬ 
ways seen him in the full vigor of his 
manhood. And, in order to best pre¬ 
serve in mind and heart his kindly soul¬ 
ful face, let us treasure a close stereo¬ 
graph portrait of 

60. William McKinley, President ol 
the United States. 

With these noble features realistically 
preserved for our perusal we will not for¬ 
get the lesson. 

In the preceding pages we have 
quoted many of the noble utterances of 
President McKinley, also eloquent words 
from ex-President Grover Cleveland and 
other honored statesmen. May we not 
also appropriately record the great 
tribute in President Theodore Roose¬ 
velt’s first message to Congress, Decem¬ 
ber 3, 1901 : 

To the Senate and House of Representatives: 

The Congress assembles this year under 
the shadow of a great calamity. On the 
sixth of September President McKinley was 
shot by an anarchist while attending the Pan- 
American Exposition at Buffalo, and died 
in that city on the fourteenth of that month. 

Of the last seven elected presidents he is 
the third who has been murdered, and the 
bare recital of this fact is sufficient to justify 


William McKinley. 


121 


grave alarm among all loyal American citizens. 
Moreover, the circumstances of this, the third 
assassination of an American President, have 
a peculiarly sinister significance. Both Presi¬ 
dent Lincoln and President Garfield were 
killed by assassins of types unfortunately not 
uncommon in history, President Lincoln fall¬ 
ing a victim to the terrible passions aroused 
by four years of civil war, and President Gar¬ 
field to the revengeful vanity of a disappointed 
office-seeker. President McKinley was killed 
by an utterly depraved criminal, belonging to 
that body of criminals who object to all gov¬ 
ernments, good and bad alike; who are against 
any form of popular liberty if it is guaranteed 
by even the most just and liberal laws, and 
who are as hostile to the upright exponent 
of a free people’s sober will as to the tyran¬ 
nical and irresponsible despot. 

It is not too much to say that at the time 
of President McKinley’s death he was the most 
widely loved man in all the United States, 
while we have never had any public man of 
his position who has been so wholly free 
from the bitter animosities incident to public 
life. His political opponents were the first 
to bear the heartiest and most generous 
tribute to the broad kindliness of nature, the 
sweetness and gentleness of character which 
so endeared him to his close associates. To 
a standard of lofty integrity in public life 
he united the tender affections and home 
virtues which are all-important in the make¬ 
up of national character. A gallant soldier 
in the great war for the Union, he also shone 
as an example to all our people, because of his 
conduct in the most sacred and intimate of 


122 


Tributes to 


home relations. There could be no personal 
hatred of him, for he never acted with aught 
but consideration for the welfare of others. 
No one could fail to respect him who knew 
him in public or private life. The defenders 
of those murderous criminals who seek to ex¬ 
cuse their criminality by asserting that it is 
exercised for political ends inveigh against 
wealth and irresponsible power. But for this 
assassination even this base apology cannot 
be urged. 

President McKinley was a man of moderate 
means, a man whose stock sprung from the 
sturdy tillers of the soil, who had himself be¬ 
longed among the wage-workers, who had 
entered the army as a private soldier. Wealth 
was not struck at when the President was as¬ 
sassinated, but the honest toil which is con¬ 
tent with moderate gains, after a lifetime of 
unremitting labor, largely in the service of 
the public. Still less was power struck at in 
the sense that power is irresponsible or cen¬ 
tered in the hands of any one individual. The 
blow was not aimed at tyranny or wealth. 
It was aimed at one of the strongest cham¬ 
pions the wage-worker has ever had, at one 
of the most faithful representatives of the 
system of public rights and representative 
government who has ever risen to public 
office. 

President McKinley filled that political 
office for which the entire people vote, and 
no President—not even Lincoln himself—was 
ever more earnestly anxious to represent the 
well-thought-out wishes of the people; his 
one anxiety in every crisis was to keep in clos¬ 
est touch with the people—to find out what 


William McKinley. 


Ia 3 


they thought and to endeavor to give expres¬ 
sion to their thought, after having endeavored 
to guide that thought aright. He had just 
been re-elected to the Presidency because the 
majority of our citizens, the majority of our 
farmers and wage-workers, believed that he 
had faithfully upheld their interests for four 
years. They felt themselves in close and in¬ 
timate touch with him. They felt that he 
represented so well and so honorably all their 
ideals and aspirations that they wished him 
to continue for another four years to represent 
them. 

And this was the man at whom the assassin 
struck! That there might be nothing lacking 
to complete the Judas-like infamy of his act, 
he took advantage of an occasion when the 
President was meeting the people generally; 
and, advancing as if to take the hand out¬ 
stretched to him in kindly and brotherly fel¬ 
lowship, he turned the noble and generous 
confidence of the victim into an opportunity 
to strike the fatal blow. There is no baser 
deed in all the annals of crime. 

The shock, the grief of the country, are 
bitter in the minds of all who saw the dark 
days while the President yet hovered between 
life and death. At last the light was stilled 
in the kindly eyes and the breath went from 
the lips that even in mortal agony uttered no 
words save of forgiveness to his murderer, 
of love for his friends, and of unfaltering 
trust in the will of the Most High. Such a 
death, crowning the glory of such a life, leaves 
us with infinite sorrow, but with such pride 
in what he had accomplished and in his own 
personal character that we feel the blow not 


124 


Tributes to 


as struck at him, but as struck at the Nation. 
We mourn a great and good President who 
is dead, but while we mourn we are lifted up 
by the splendid achievements of his life and 
the grand heroism with which he met his 
death. 

When we turn from the man to the Nation 
the harm done is so great as to excite our 
gravest apprehensions and to demand our 
wisest and most resolute action. This crim¬ 
inal was a professed anarchist, inflamed by 
the teachings of professed anarchists, and 
probably also by the reckless utterances of 
those who, on the stump and in the public 
press, appeal to the dark and evil spirits of 
malice and greed, envy and sullen hatred. The 
wind is sowed by the men who preach such 
doctrines and they cannot escape their share 
of responsibility for the whirlwind that is 
reaped. This applies alike to the deliberate 
demagogue, to the exploiter of sensationalism 
and to the crude and foolish visionary who, 
for whatever reason, apologizes for crime, or 
excites aimless discontent. 

Theodore Roosevelt. 


SENATOR FORAKER’S ELOQUENT SPEECH 
AT CINCINNATI, SEPT. 19, 1901. 

In the midst of life we are in death. 

Never was the truth of these words more 
strikingly exemplified than by the tragedy 
that brings us here. 

In the vigor of robust manhood; at the 
very height of his powers; in the possession 
of all his faculties; in the midst of a great 
work of world-wide importance; in the en- 



William McKinley. 


I2 5 


joyment of the admiration, love and affection 
of all classes of our people to a degree never 
before permitted to any other man; at a time 
of profound peace, when nothing was occur¬ 
ring to excite the passions of men; when we 
were engaged in a celebration of the triumphs 
of art, science, literature, commerce, civiliza¬ 
tion, and all that goes to make up the greatest 
prosperity, advancement and happiness the 
world has ever known; surrounded by thou¬ 
sands of his countrymen who were vying with 
each other in demonstrations of friendship 
and good-will, the President of the United 
States, without a moment’s warning, was 
stricken down by an assassin, who, while 
greeting him with one hand, shot him to death 
with the other. 

History has no precedent for such treachery 
and wickedness since Joab, stroking his beard 
as though to kiss him, inquiring, “ Art thou 
in health, my brother? ” smote unsuspecting 
Amasa in the fifth rib and “ shed out his 
bowels to the ground.” 

We can scarcely realize that such a crime was 
possible, much less that it has been actually 
committed, and our sorrow is yet too fresh, 
our grief too poignant and our indignation too 
acute for us to contemplate it dispassionately 
or discuss it considerately. 

But while we cannot now speak becomingly 
of the murderer and his awful crime we can 
fittingly employ this hour to commemorate 
the virtues of his victim and to recount in 
part at least his great services to his country. 

The allotted age of man is threescore years 
and ten, but William McKinley was not yet 
fifty-nine when his career ended. In these 


126 


Tributes to 


short years he did a wondrous work. In 
its accomplishment he was unaided by for¬ 
tuitous circumstances. He was of humble 
origin and without influential friends, except 
as he made them. 

He died proud of his work and in the just 
expectation that time will vindicate his wis¬ 
dom, his purpose and his labors—and it will. 
What he was not permitted to finish will be 
taken up by other hands, and when the com¬ 
plete, crowning triumph comes it will rest 
upon the foundation he has laid. 

His great loss to the country will not be in 
connection with policies now in process of 
solution, but rather in connection with new 
questions. What he has marked out and put 
the impress of his great name upon will re¬ 
ceive the unquestioned support of his own 
party and the great majority of the American 
people. 

He had so gained the confidence of his fol¬ 
lowers and the whole country in his leadership 
that practically all differences of opinion on 
new propositions would have yielded to his 
judgment. The progress of events will not 
stop. 

Unsolved problems have no respect for the 
repose of nations. 

New questions will arise—are arising—have 
arisen. 

With his calm, clear judgment and fore¬ 
sight, he saw and appreciated all this. His 
last speech was a testimonial to this fact. It 
was in many respects the ablest, the most 
thoughtful and the most statesmanlike utter¬ 
ance he ever made. It was the triumphant se¬ 
quel to his long years of sturdy battle for a 


William McKinley. 127 

protective tariff, a complete vindication of all 
his predictions in that behalf, and, at the same 
time, a fitting farewell to the American peo¬ 
ple whom he had served so well. 

Who can exaggerate the gratification he 
must have experienced in pointing out the 
immeasurable prosperity that has resulted 
from the energizing effects of the policies he 
had done so much to sustain? 

But he no longer belongs to us alone. We 
long ago gave him to the nation, and the na¬ 
tion has given him to the world. There is no 
place in all Christendom where his name is 
not spoken with admiration and cherished 
with affection. The whole world mourns with 
us and pays tribute to his memory, not because 
of his public services, for they were rendered 
for America, but for the gentleness of his 
nature and the nobility of his character. In 
these respects he is without a rival since Sir 
Philip Sidney. 

He was of splendid presence, of pleasing 
personality and of polished and graceful ad¬ 
dress. There was no court in Europe where 
his manner and deportment would not have 
commanded the highest respect, and yet it was 
all so natural and free from simulation or af¬ 
fectation that he was always, without any 
sacrifice of dignity or change of manner fa¬ 
miliarly at home with Abraham Lincoln’s 
common people of America. 

He loved his countrymen and was never 
so happy as when in their midst. From them 
he constantly gathered suggestions and ideas 
and wisdom. The cares of state were never 
so exacting that he could not give considera¬ 
tion to the humblest, and his mind was never 


128 


Tributes to 


so troubled that his heart was not full of 
mercy. 

As a public speaker he had few equals. He 
could adapt himself perfectly to any audience 
or any subject. He was always in tune with 
the occasion. From one end of the land to 
the other he was constantly in demand for 
public addresses. He responded to more such 
calls probably than any other orator of his 
time. Most of his speeches were of a political 
character, yet he made many addresses on 
other subjects; but no matter when or where 
or on what subject he spoke, he never dealt 
in offensive personalities. He drove home 
his points and routed his antagonist with mer¬ 
ciless logic, but never in any other way 
wounded his sensibilities. 

No language can adequately tell of his de¬ 
voted love and tender affection for the invalid 
partner of all his joys and sorrows. Amid 
his many honors and trying duties, she ever 
reigned supreme in his affections. The story 
of this love has gone to the ends of the earth, 
and is written in the hearts of all mankind 
everywhere. It is full of tenderness, full of 
pathos and full of honor. It will be repeated 
and cherished as long as the name of William 
McKinley shall live. 

It was these great qualities of the heart that 
gave him the place he holds in the affections 
of other peoples. They claim him for human¬ 
ity’s sake, because they find in him an expres¬ 
sion of their highest aspiration. 

By common consent, he honored the whole 
human race, and all the race will honor him. 
But he was more than gentle. He was thor¬ 
oughly religious, and too religious to be guilty 


William McKinley. 


129 


of any bigotry. His broad, comprehensive 
views of man and his duty in his relations to 
God enabled him to have charity and respect 
for all who differed from his belief. 

His faith solaced him in life, and did not 
fail him when the supreme test came. 

When he realized the work of the assassin 
his first utterance was a prayer that God 
would forgive the crime. As he surrendered 
himself to unconsciousness, from which he 
might never awake, that surgery could do its 
work, he gently breathed the Lord’s Prayer, 
“ Thy Kingdom come, Thy will be done.” 

And when the dread hour of dissolution 
overtook him and the last touching farewell 
had been spoken, he sank to rest murmuring 
“ Nearer, my God, to Thee.” 

This was his last triumph, and his greatest. 
His whole life was given to humanity, but in 
his death we find his most priceless legacy. 

The touching story of that death-bed scene 
will rest on generations yet unborn like a 
soothing benediction. 

Such Christian fortitude and resignation 
give us a clearer conception of what was in 
the apostle’s mind when he exclaimed, “ O 
death, where is thy sting! O grave, where 
is thy victory!” 


EXTRACT FROM CARDINAL GIB¬ 
BONS’ MEMORIAL SERMON, 
SEPT. 19, 1901. 

No court in Europe or in the civilized world 
was more conspicuous for moral rectitude 
and purity, or more free from the breath of 
scandal, than the official home of President 
McKinley. He would have adorned any court 



130 


Tributes to 


in Christendom by his civic virtues. No man 
can honestly charge him with tyranny or 
official corruption. 

The Redeemer of mankind was betrayed by 
the universal symbol of love. If I may rev¬ 
erently make the comparison, the President 
was betrayed by the universal emblem of 
friendship. Christ said to Judas, “ Friend, be- 
trayest thou the Son of Man with a kiss?” 
The President could have said to his slayer, 
“ Betrayest thou the head of the nation with 
the grasp of the hand? ” 

As President, Mr. McKinley was thorough¬ 
ly conversant with the duties of his office, and 
could enter into its most minute details. His 
characteristic virtues were courtesy and po¬ 
liteness, patience and forbearance and master¬ 
ly self-control under very trying circum¬ 
stances. When unable to grant a favor, he 
had the rare and happy talent to disappoint 
the applicant withdttt offending him. 

The domestic virtues of Mr. McKinley were 
worthy of all praise. He was a model hus¬ 
band. Amid the pressing and engrossing 
duties of his official life, he would from time 
to time snatch a few moments to devote to the 
invalid and loving partner of his joys and 
sorrows. 

We prayed for the President’s life, but it 
did not please God to grant our petition. 
Let no one infer from this that our prayers 
were in vain. No fervent prayer ascending 
to the throne of heaven remains unanswered. 
Let no one say what a lady remarked to me 
on the occasion of President Garfield’s death. 
“ I have prayed,” she said, “ for the President’s 
life. My family have prayed for him, our 


William McKinley. 131 

congregation prayed for him, the city prayed 
for him, the State prayed for him, the Nation 
prayed for him, and yet he died. What, then, 
is the use of prayer?” God answers our pe¬ 
titions either directly or indirectly. If he does 
not grant us what we ask, He gives us some¬ 
thing equivalent or better. If He has not 
saved the life of the President, He preserves 
the life of the Nation, which is of more im¬ 
portance than the life of an individual. He 
has infused into the hearts of the American 
people a greater reverence for the Head of the 
Nation and a greater abhorrence of assassina¬ 
tion. He has intensified and energized our 
love of country and our devotion to our po¬ 
litical institutions. What a beautiful spectacle 
to behold prayers ascending from tens of 
thousands of temples throughout the land to 
the Throne of Mercy! Is not this universal 
uplifting of minds and hearts to God a sub¬ 
lime profession of our faith and trust in him? 
Is not thfcs national appeal to Heaven a most 
eloquent recognition of God’s superintending 
Providence over us? And such earnest and 
united prayers will not fail to draw down 
upon us the blessings of the Almighty. 


EXTRACT FROM DR. ROBERT STEW¬ 
ART Mac ARTHUR’S SERMON, 
SEPT. 19, 1901. 

Never before in history was any man so 
widely and sincerely mourned. 

President McKinley was one of the noblest 
men whose name is recorded on the historic 
page. He had a worthy ancestry. His edu¬ 
cation began hundreds of years before he was 
born. The blood of various nationalities min- 



13 2 


Tributes to 


gled in his veins, but the dominant element 
in those commingled nationalities was Scotch. 
Some historians trace the line of his ancestry 
back to names immortal in Scottish song 
and story. His parents were godly. The light 
of heaven flooded his cradle in his humble 
home. American patriotism beautifully 
blended with Christian consecration in the 
lives of his parents. His academic and colle¬ 
giate training, though not prolonged, laid the 
foundations of his symmetrical education. 
When but seventeen we see him at Poland, 
Ohio, stepping out from the crowd to offer 
himself a volunteer in the war for the Union. 
At Antietam we see him crowned with honor 
for signal bravery. At thirty-three we find 
him a member of Congress. He immediately 
raised all the ideals of political life. To him 
the words of Pope may be literally applied:— 

“Statesman, yet friend to Truth; of soul sin¬ 
cere; 

In action faithful and in honor clear; 

Who broke no promise, served no private 
end, 

Who gained no title, and who lost no friend.” 

His hand was unstained, his life was pure. 
No foe could smirch his name or successfully 
charge him with dishonesty in act or falsity 
in word. His name was the synonym of 
honor in politics, of ability in statesmanship, 
and of nobility in manhood. 

During his Presidency no throne of Kaiser, 
Czar or King was higher than the presiden¬ 
tial chair at Washington. No voice issued 
from the palaces in Europe or Asia more po- 


William McKinley. 


*33 


tent in the parliaments of the world than the 
one that issued from the White House. It 
may be said without fear of intelligent con¬ 
tradiction that during his Presidency the fore¬ 
most man in all the world was the President 
of the United States. 

His Presidency, like that of Lincoln, was 
marked by crises in national history. Lincoln 
wrote pages glorious and immortal in the his¬ 
tory of America, and McKinley has written 
pages worthy to be bound side by side with 
those written by Lincoln. President McKin¬ 
ley met every responsibility with heroic cour¬ 
age, practical wisdom, ripe statesmanship and 
superb American patriotism. 

President McKinley died as truly a martyr 
as was Lincoln. His place in history and in 
the hearts of the people will ever be beside 
that of our first martyred President. 

To many in this audience President McKin¬ 
ley was beloved as a brother in Masonry. He 
wrought well with the tools of this ancient and 
world-wide craft. He lived according to the 
symbolic teaching of the plumb, the square and 
the level. He illustrated the teachings of 
this ancient fraternity in all the relations he 
sustained in life, showing that law is of God, 
and that government is a necessary fact in 
any stage of human history. He broadened 
with the passing years. Beginning his public 
career as an apostle of protection, he ended 
it as an advocate of reciprocity. His last 
speech was worthy of his great fame. Its 
closing sentences were an echo of the song 
which the angels sang over the Plains of 
Bethlehem on the night the Christ was born— 


134 


Tributes to 


“ Glory to God in the highest, and on earth 
peace, good will toward men.” 

There is an unspeakably tender benediction 
in the serene spirit in which he passed away. 
His last words fall upon our stricken hearts 
like strains of celestial music. The peaceful 
end was in harmony with the beautiful life. 
His death was strangely like that of his divine 
Lord and Master. Christ on the Cross prayed 
for his murderers; so President McKinley 
pleaded that no harm come to his assassin. 


REV. DR. ROBERT MORRIS KEMP, AT 
ST. PAUL’S CHAPEL, TRINITY, 
NEW YORK, SEPT. 19, 1901. 

A prince has fallen in Israel. A man by the 
force of his example and life has grown from 
humble origin and small beginnings to a posi¬ 
tion and a prominence that stands almost 
without an equal in the history of mankind. 
A true product of the priceless possibilities 
this country of ours affords. His God, his 
country and his own ideal; these won his 
heart; these owned his life. 

Let each patriotic citizen lay his wreath 
of tribute on his untimely grave. Our Presi¬ 
dent has gone from us—in history—to eter¬ 
nity with 

“ Life’s duty well done, 

Life’s honors richly won, 

Life’s hope now begun, 

May God grant him rest.” 


William McKinley. 


i35 


EXTRACT FROM THE SERMON OF 
RABBI DR. RUDOLPH GROSSMAN 
IN THE JEWISH TEMPLE RO- 
DEPH SHOLOM, NEW 
YORK, SEPT. 19, 1901. 

What words falling from mortal lips can 
do justice to any righteous life, for righteous¬ 
ness is a term too deep, too high for human 
speech? What words, even the most eloquent 
and heartfelt, can do justice to a life so pure, 
to a career so truth-illumined, to a character 
so spotless, to a soul so godly as was that of 
William McKinley? It is not the President 
only, righteously wielding the power of high 
office, it is the man whose heart was aglow 
with the power of virtue; it is the husband, 
whose love was as pure and unselfish as that 
of a mother for her child; it is the God-fearing 
citizen, whose patriotism was as firm and un¬ 
shaken as a rock; it is the brother, whose very 
presence was a benediction, whom we mourn 
and before whose lifeless body we stand to¬ 
day in tears. 

Yes, America is the poorer now that he who 
so enriched it with his goodness is no more. 
Humanity is the weaker now that he who 
was a very pillar of sturdy manhood has 
fallen. Religion weeps now that he who was 
its reverent champion has been laid low. Do¬ 
mestic love is bereaved now that he who was 
its brightest exemplar sleeps in the dust. 

But why strike only a minor key? Let 
weeping give way to thanksgiving. Let 
hymns of gratitude mingle with our dirges of 
woe. If we are the poorer by his death, have 
we not also been made the richer through 
his life? McKinley is no more. But the story 


136 


Tributes to 


of his life is ours. Our President is dead, 
yet his deeds have not died with him. The 
record of his life, the inspiration of his ex¬ 
ample, the moving power of his manhood, 
these are not effaced. They are still ours, 
triumphant over death, ours to cherish, ours 
to be uplifted by them, ours to enshrine in our 
hearts. 

Citizens of this land, draw closer unto each 
other in common love of country, if you 
would be worthy of him who gave his 
strength, his devotion, his life to patriotic 
duty. Men and women, be truer to the noblest 
commands of virtue and justice, if you would 
honor him who was a very pattern of manli¬ 
ness. Husbands and wives, consecrate to 
loftier ideals the sanctuary of your homes if 
you would cherish him whose fireside was 
an altar and whose sacrifices were deeds of 
love. 

William McKinley, our friend, our brother, 
our comrade, our honored dead, fallen, thou 
hast risen. Gone from earth, thou livest in 
our hearts. Thou livest in lives made purer 
by thy presence. Thou livest in the White 
Mansion where thy Master ruleth. Peace, 
peace to thine immortal soul. 


EXTRACT FROM SERMON OF RABBI 
JOSEPH SILVERMAN, TEMPLE 
EMANUEL, NEW YORK, 

SEPT. 19, 1901. 

“ Nearer, My God, to Thee!” In these 
words of the famous hymn which has now be¬ 
come national and non-sectarian, William Mc¬ 
Kinley has pronounced his most fitting 



William McKinley. 


i 37 


epitaph. These words expressed his deepest 
thought, the vibrating impulses of his life; 
they breathed through all his utterances, 
touched his sentiments and emotions, gave 
a sublimity to his ideals and aspirations. His 
life, as it is reviewed in the light of objective 
and sympathetic appreciation, seems to have 
been an exemplification of those winged 
words, “ Nearer, My God, to Thee.” His 
life was the music to those words. Every step 
of his long and useful career seems to have 
brought him closer to the Great Ruler of the 
world. 

This should not be a day merely of weep¬ 
ing. His soul lives—his spirit has not died. 
The example that he has set cannot be effaced 
from the hearts of men. Let us dedicate our¬ 
selves to those great principles of truth and 
righteousness without which no nation can 
maintain its honor, its liberty and its inde¬ 
pendence. Let us, each day, exemplify in our 
own lives the now immortal refrain—“ Nearer, 
My God, to Thee.” 


Biography of 


138 


BY COURTESY OF THE NEW YORK TRIBUNE. 


A BIOGRAPHY 

-OP- 

william McKinley. 


CIVILIAN, SOLDIER, LEADER 
AND STATESMAN. 


I. 

CHARACTER AND ACHIEVEMENTS. 

In him we find the best representative of the 
possibilities of American life. Boy and man, 
he typifies American youth and manhood, and 
illustrates the benefits and glory of our free 
institutions. He did not flash forth as a 
meteor; he rose with measured and stately 
step over rough paths and through years of 
rugged work. He earned his passage to every 
preferment. He was tried and tested at every 
step in his pathway of progress. He pro¬ 
duced his passport to every gateway to oppor¬ 
tunity and glory. . . . His State sustained 
him, and at last the nation rewarded his cour¬ 
age and consistency with the highest honors 
it could bestow.” Such was the tribute paid 
by William McKinley to James Abram Gar¬ 
field. With scarcely a change of word it may 
now serve to picture the career and qualities 
of Garfield’s own eulogist and successor in the 
Presidency. 





William McKinley. 


i39 


II. 

ANCESTRY. 

William McKinley’s ancestry has been 
traced back by genealogists through Highland 
history into the dim era of Macbeth and Mac¬ 
duff. It is clearly demonstrated, however, that 
the McKinley family originated in the western 
part of Scotland, were identified with the Cov¬ 
enanter party in religious and civil affairs, and 
shared its indomitable resistance to the perse¬ 
cution and tyranny of the Stuart kings. In the 
time of Charles II. the family emigrated to the 
north of Ireland, and joined their clansmen 
who in Cromwell’s day had colonized the 
province of Ulster. Thence, about the middle 
of the last century, they came to America, 
worthy members of that army of Scotch- 
Irish colonists which contributed so largely 
to the settlement and civilization of this con¬ 
tinent. 

Two brothers McKinley, James and Will¬ 
iam, reached this country some twenty-five 
years before the battle of Bunker Hill. James 
settled in what is now the ancient town of 
York, in Southern Pennsylvania, married, and 
sent his son David to fight under Washing¬ 
ton’s flag in the War of the Revolution. When 
peace was restored and independence gained, 
David McKinley returned to the Pennsyl¬ 
vania homestead, and there lived until after 
the War of 1812. Then, joining the great tide 
that began to move westward, he removed 
to the country beyond the Ohio River, and 
settled in what is now Columbiana County, 
Ohio. There he founded the “ Buckeye 
Branch ” of the McKinley clan. 


1 4 ° Biography of 

While the McKinleys were thus making 
their way from Scotland to Ireland, and thence 
to Pennsylvania and Ohio, a family named 
Rose, also persecuted for conscience’ sake, 
was seeking liberty in another direction. An¬ 
drew Rose was a leader among the English 
Puritans, and was among those who migrated 
to Holland for refuge from English tyranny; 
thence, attracted by the enterprise of Penn, he 
came to America and settled at Doylestown, 
Penn. There he prospered, became a leader 
in politics and a member of the legislative 
council of the colony. His son, Andrew Rose, 
Jr., was not only a gallant soldier in the Rev¬ 
olutionary army, but also an iron manufac¬ 
turer whose work supplied the patriots with 
many cannon and other implements of war. 
In time David McKinley and Mary, the daugh¬ 
ter of Andrew Rose, Jr., became acquaintances 
and friends, then lovers, and then husband and 
wife. Thus were allied the two sturdy stocks 
of Scotch-Irish and English Puritans, and 
fully blended in the first offspring of this mar¬ 
riage—a boy, to whom was given the name of 
William. This first William McKinley re¬ 
moved to Eastern Ohio, and was one of the 
pioneers of the iron business in that region, 
with foundries at Fairfield, New-Wilmington 
and elsewhere. His wife was Nancy Allison, 
a descendant, like himself, of Scotch stock. 
To them were born eight children, one of 
whom, a boy born at Niles, in Trumbull 
County, Ohio—the second county north of 
Columbiana—on January 29, 1843, inherited 
his father’s name of William. The house in 
which the future President was born is still 
standing on one of the streets of Niles. It is 


William McKinley. 


141 

a frame structure, two stories high, and what 
was once the parlor is now a grocery store. 
At the front is a vine-covered porch, on 
which McKinley the child used to play, and 
from which McKinley the statesman has made 
many an address to the citizens of his native 
town. 

III. 

SCHOOLING. 

As a boy young William McKinley went for 
a few years to the village school at Niles. 
Then the family removed to Poland, in Ma¬ 
honing, the county between Trumbull and 
Columbiana, in order that he and the other 
children might enjoy the advantages of a high 
school in that town. In both institutions 
William showed himself a solid and thorough 
rather than a showy student. He already had 
a leaning toward argument and oratory, and 
was a prominent figure in all schoolboy de¬ 
bates. At Poland there was a literary society 
and debating club, and of it he was for some 
time president. The story is told that the boys 
and girls saved up their spending money until 
they had enough to buy a carpet for the meet¬ 
ing room of the club. They purchased at a 
neighboring carpet store what they deemed 
an exceedingly handsome fabric. Its ground¬ 
work was green and its ornamentation 
gorgeous golden wreaths. The society unani¬ 
mously decided that no boots should ever 
profane that sacred carpet, and the girl mem¬ 
bers, therefore, volunteered to knit slippers 
for all the members to wear. Unfortunately, 
the slippers were not ready for the first meet¬ 
ing, and so all the members who attended, 


142 


Biography of 


and the visitors, too, were required to put off 
their shoes from their feet, and listen to the 
debate shod only in stockings. The debaters 
themselves did likewise, and young McKinley 
presided over the meeting in his stocking 
feet. 

At the Poland Academy McKinley was pre¬ 
pared to enter college, and at the age of six¬ 
teen he was matriculated at Allegheny Col¬ 
lege. Scarcely was he well started in his 
studies there, however, when he fell ill and 
was compelled to return home. When his 
health was restored he found himself thrown 
largely on his own resources. The hard times 
of the Buchanan Administration had caused 
his father some embarrassment in business, 
and justice to the rest of the family made it 
necessary for William to support himself. He 
therefore took to school teaching in a district 
school near Poland. He got $25 a month 
salary, and “boarded around.” Much of the 
time, however, he lived at home, walking to 
and from school every day, a distance of sev¬ 
eral miles. His intention was to save up a 
little money and return to college in a year 
or two. But that was not to be. 

IV. 

A BRAVE SOLDIER. 

Like most of the men of his generation who 
were to rise to leadership and power in nation¬ 
al politics, the future President’s first lessons 
in patriotic duty were to be learned in camp 
and battlefield. He was but eighteen while 
still engaged in teaching when Fort Sumter 
was fired upon. At Lincoln’s summons the 
whole loyal North sprang to arms; no part 


William McKinley. 143 

of it with more patriotic ardor than the West¬ 
ern Reserve. From every county and town 
volunteers were soon marching toward the 
front. Every village and hamlet sent its 
quota. Poland was not behind the rest. In 
June, 1861, a mass meeting was held, at which 
some stirring speeches were made, and at its 
close a company was enlisted. General Fre¬ 
mont inspected and mustered in the recruits. 
He examined young McKinley, pounded his 
chest, looked into his eyes, and said “ You’ll 
do.” That was perhaps the proudest moment 
the boy had yet known, to be thus treated by 
the famous " Pathfinder,” of whose adventures 
he had read with so much zest. The company 
was made Company E of the 23d Ohio Regi¬ 
ment, of which William S. Rosecrans was 
colonel, Stanley Matthews lieutenant-colonel 
and Rutherford B. Hayes major. 

For fourteen months McKinley carried a 
musket in the ranks. He was a good soldier, 
intelligently obedient to his superior officers 
and genial and generous to his comrades. 
There was no more popular man in the regi¬ 
ment, and no harder fighter. Nor was there 
any lack of fighting to do. Six weeks after 
it left Columbus the regiment had its baptism 
of fire at Carnifex Ferry. Then it had to 
chase the rebel raiders back and forth across 
the mountain ranges, was drenched by in¬ 
cessant rains and was almost famished at 
times for lack of food. The young men from 
Poland thus had their fighting qualities put 
to a hard test. But they stood it admirably. 
The regiment was soon ordered to Washing¬ 
ton, and was there made part of the Army of 
the Potomac, of which McClellan was com- 


144 


Biography of 

mander. Then came Antietam, in which con¬ 
flict the soldier boy bore himself with a vet¬ 
eran’s valor, and at the end left the ranks 
with a lieutenant’s commission. Never was 
there a more popular promotion in the 
“ Fighting Twenty-third,” and never one more 
fully deserved or more modestly borne. “ I 
always look back with pleasure on those four¬ 
teen months I served in the ranks,” said Mr. 
McKinley not very long ago. “ They taught 
me a great deal. I was but a schoolboy when 
I went into the army, and that year was a 
formative period in my life, during which I 
learned much of men and affairs. I have al¬ 
ways been glad that I entered the service as 
a private.” 

After Antietam came active and rapid work 
in the West Virginia mountains, and then a 
quick march into Pennsylvania and back 
again. One day the regiment had breakfast in 
Pennsylvania, dinner in Maryland and supper 
in Virginia. A period of rest followed, from 
November, 1862, to July, 1863. Indeed, there 
is no record of a serious engagement until 
April, 1864, when General Crook made a raid 
upon the Virginia and Tennessee Railroad. 
Battles were fought and victories won at 
Clyde Mountain and at New Bridge. In June 
the regiment joined General Hunter’s com¬ 
mand and suffered a repulse at Lynchburg. 
In July came the battle of Kernstown, near 
Winchester, in which the Union forces were 
also repulsed after a hard struggle. During 
this battle McKinley made himself conspicu¬ 
ous by his daring execution of an order. One 
of the regiments was posted in an orchard, 
far in front. When the rest of the army was 


William McKinley. 145 

compelled to fall back it was left there un¬ 
supported, apparently forgotten by the com¬ 
manding officer. Finally General Hayes, dis¬ 
covering the oversight, directed McKinley to 
carry an order to the unfortunate regiment to 
retreat. It seemed certain death to go, but 
the young soldier started on his errand with¬ 
out a moment’s hesitation. His comrades 
never expected to see him alive again, but in 
a short time he returned safe and sound with 
his errand accomplished. 

Another striking incident occurred in the 
battle at Opequan, near Winchester, in Sep¬ 
tember, 1864, when McKinley was a member of 
General Sheridan’s staff. McKinley was sent 
with a verbal order to General Duval, direct¬ 
ing him to move his command quickly to an¬ 
other position. General Duval, on receiving 
the order, not knowing the “ lay of the land,” 
asked McKinley, “ By what route shall I go? ” 
McKinley knew little more of the country 
than did Duval, but he had been observing 
keenly all day, and he unhesitatingly replied, 
“ I would go along this creek.” Duval hesi¬ 
tated and finally said, “ I will not go at all 
without positive orders as to the route.” Then 
McKinley, knowing that the fate of the battle 
was perhaps trembling in the balance, said 
peremptorily: “ General, this is a case of great 
emergency. I order you, by command of 
General Crook, to move your command im¬ 
mediately along this creek to a position on 
the right of the army.” Duval obeyed, and 
executed the manceuver in safety. In a short 
time he had his division in place, charged the 
enemy and drove them from their works. The 
movement was a brilliant success, thanks to 


146 


Biography of 

McKinley’s judgment and decision. The young 
soldier also distinguished himself at Winches¬ 
ter and other engagements in that campaign. 

“ For gallant and meritorious service at the 
battles of Opequan, Cedar Creek and Fisher’s 
Hill,” reads McKinley’s commission as major; 
and the document is signed, “A. Lincoln.” 
He had been made second lieutenant in Sep¬ 
tember, 1862, at nineteen years of age; first 
lieutenant just after his twentieth birthday, in 
February, 1863, and captain in July, 1864. 
After Cedar Creek he saw little more fighting, 
but he remained with his regiment until the 
end of the war, and was honorably mustered 
out with it on July 26, 1865—Major McKinley, 
a four years’ veteran, twenty-two years of 
age. 

V. 

AN ABLE LAWYER. 

The war over, the young soldier hesitated 
between finishing his interrupted college 
course or beginning at once to struggle for 
a livelihood. He compromised by entering 
the law office of Judge Charles E. Glidden, at 
Canton, the county seat of Stark County, the 
next county westward from Columbiana. 
From Judge Glidden’s office he went to the 
Albany Law School, at Albany, N. Y. He 
was graduated, and admitted to the bar of 
Canton in 1867. 

His “ shingle ” was hung out forthwith at 
the door of a little office of his own, and he 
waited patiently for clients. Days passed, 
and a fortnight. Then one day in came his 
old preceptor, Judge Glidden. 

McKinley, said he, “ here are the papers 


William McKinley. 147 

in a case of mine. It comes up to-morrow. I 
have got to go out of town, and I want you 
to take charge of it for me.” 

McKinley was nonplussed. He declared that 
he could not do justice to the case at so short 
a notice. “ I never have tried a single case 
yet, Judge,” said he. 

“ Well, begin on this one, then,” was the 
judge’s reply. And it was finally settled that 
McKinley should do so. He sat up all night 
working on the case, tried it the next day, 
and won it. A few days later Judge Glidden 
entered his office and handed him twenty-five 
dollars. McKinley demurred at taking it. 

“ It is too much for one day’s work,” he 
said. 

“ Don’t let that worry you,” replied Glid¬ 
den, good naturedly. “ I charged them one 
hundred dollars for the case, and I can well 
afford a quarter of it to you.” 

A year or two later McKinley found himself 
pitted against John McSweeney, then consid¬ 
ered one of the most brilliant lawyers of the 
Ohio bar. The case was a suit for damages 
for malpractice, the plaintiff charging that a 
surgeon had set his broken leg in such a way 
as to make him bow-legged on that side. Mc¬ 
Kinley defended the surgeon. McSweeney 
brought his client into court and had the in¬ 
jured limb exposed to the view of the jury. 
It certainly was very crooked, and the case 
looked bad for the surgeon. McKinley had 
both his eyes wide open, however, and fixed 
them to good purpose upon the man's other 
leg. As soon as the witness was turned over 
to him, he asked that the other leg should 
also be bared. The plaintiff and McSweeney 


148 


Biography of 

vigorously objected, but the judge ordered it 
done. Then it appeared that his second leg 
was still more crooked than that which the 
surgeon had set. 

“ My client seems to have done better by 
this man than nature itself did,” said McKin¬ 
ley, “and I move that the suit be dismissed, 
with a recommendation to the plaintiff that he 
have the other leg broken and then set by the 
surgeon who set the first one.” 

It was almost inevitable that the rising 
young lawyer should sooner or later get into 
politics. Already he was noted as a public 
speaker. His first speech had been made at 
the close of the war, when he responded for 
himself and his comrades at a public reception 
given to them on their return to Poland. In 
Stark County, where he opened his office, the 
outlook was poor for a Republican. That was 
reckoned one of the banner Democratic coun¬ 
ties of the State. So when McKinley was put 
forward by his party for District Attorney, 
the nomination was regarded as an empty hon- 
or. Perhaps that was why it was given to 
so young and inexperienced a man. But, how¬ 
ever the convention and the public considered 
it, McKinley took it seriously. He made a 
vigorous canvass of the county and threw his 
whole heart into the work just as though he 
expected to be elected. And to the amaze¬ 
ment of pretty much everybody else he was 
elected. At the end of his two years’ term he 
was renominated, and, though he was this time 
defeated, he kept his opponent’s majority 
down to only forty-five, while the rest of the 
Democratic ticket was carried by a majority 
of several hundred. This was the beginning of 


William McKinley. 


149 


his political career. The next step was toward 
and to much higher things, but it was not 
taken until after five years more of hard study 
and diligent practice at the bar. 

VI. 

A NATIONAL LEGISLATOR. 

In the early summer of 1876 Major McKin¬ 
ley announced himself as a candidate for Rep¬ 
resentative in Congress from the Stark-Co- 
lumbiana district. He won the Republican 
nomination against two rivals, and was then 
elected by a flattering plurality. In 1877 Ohio 
elected a Democratic legislature, which 
promptly changed the Congress districts, so 
that when McKinley sought re-election in 
1878 he found himself in a district normally 
Democratic by at least 1,800. Nothing 
daunted, he entered the campaign, and was 
successful by a majority of 1,300. Then the 
Republicans regained power and as promptly 
changed the districts to favor themselves, and 
he was easily returned for his third and fourth 
terms. Getting possession of the Ohio legis¬ 
lature again in 1883, the Democrats gerry¬ 
mandered the State once more, putting Mc¬ 
Kinley in a district Democratic by from 1,200 
to 1,500. But the people of Eastern Ohio 
knew and appreciated the statesman who had 
so well represented them. Hundreds of 
Democrats, laying aside their party affilia¬ 
tions, voted for this man of sterling character, 
and they re-elected him for his fifth term by 
over 2,000 majority. Sixth and seventh terms 
followed as a matter of course. In 1889 came 
another Democratic victory and consequently 
another change of districts, which threw Ma- 


! ijo Biography of 

jor McKinley in 1890 into a district which had 
the year before given a Democratic plurality 
of 2,900. He accepted the challenge, made a 
gallant fight, and was defeated by only 302 
votes. It is interesting to recall, in view of 
this one defeat, that McKinley had been some 
years before twitted in Congress by Mr. 
Springer on having been returned at the pre¬ 
vious election by a somewhat diminished ma¬ 
jority. Mr. Springer said: “Your constitu¬ 
ents do not seem to support you.” McKinley’s 
reply is worthy of all remembrance: “ My 
fidelity to my constituents,” he said, “ is not 
measured by the support they give me. I 
have convictions which I would not surrender 
if 10,000 majority had been entered against 
me.” 

VII. 

WORK IN CONGRESS. 

To tell the story of McKinley’s seven terms 
would be to tell in a large measure the his¬ 
tory of Congress and the nation for fourteen 
years. From the beginning he was an active 
and conspicuous member of the House. He 
was an American, and he reckoned nothing 
that concerned Americans to be unworthy of 
his notice. He recognized, however, that in 
view of the vast development, extension and 
multiplication of human interests there was 
little hope for success as a universal genius. 
A man must be a specialist if he would attain 
the greatest eminence and the greatest use¬ 
fulness. Already, indeed, he had devoted his 
attention especially to the subject of the tariff 
and its bearings on American industry. The 
story is told that soon after he opened his law 


William McKinley. 


* 5 * 

office at Canton, while he was as yet an un¬ 
trained youth, he was drawn into a debate on 
that subject. Pitted against him was a 
trained, shrewd and experienced lawyer, who 
had at his tongue’s end all the arguments of 
free trade. The older and more expert de¬ 
bater won a seeming victory, but McKinley, 
though silenced for a time, was not convinced. 
“ No one will ever overcome me again in that 
way,” he said to a companion. “ I know I am 
right and I know that I can prove it.” 
Thenceforth the study of books and men and 
conditions of industry to attain that end was 
the chief labor of his life. 

Mr. Blaine, in his “Twenty Years in Con¬ 
gress,” made fitting mention of this feature 
of his younger colleague’s work. “ The inter¬ 
ests of his constituency,” he wrote, “ and his 
own bent of mind led him to the study of in¬ 
dustrial questions, and he was soon recognized 
in the House as one of the most thorough 
statisticians and one of the ablest defenders of 
the doctrine of protection.” 

The first speech he made in Congress was 
on the subject of the tariff, and was in opposi¬ 
tion to the non-protective bill introduced by 
Fernando Wood, of New York, in 1878. That 
speech made a marked impression on the 
House and the nation, and thenceforth its 
author was looked to in every tariff debate to 
be one of the chief upholders of protection. 
An incident related by Judge Kelley, in his 
eulogy upon Dudley C. Haskell, shows how 
effectively McKinley answered this expecta¬ 
tion. It was when the famous Morrison bill 
was before the House. Kelley was to open 
the debate on the Republican side and Me- 


i5 2 Biography of 

Kinley was to close it. Haskell, who was a 
member of the Ways and Means Committee 
and a particularly strong debater, desired the 
honor of closing the debate, and asked Judge 
Kelley to persuade McKinley to give way to 
him. The judge went to McKinley and re¬ 
peated Haskell’s request. McKinley readily 
consented, saying he did not care in what 
order he spoke. So it happened that McKin¬ 
ley was the fourth or fifth speaker and Has¬ 
kell was to talk last. At the conclusion of 
McKinley’s speech a number of the members 
crowded around to congratulate him. Fore¬ 
most among them was Haskell, who seized 
McKinley’s hand enthusiastically, exclaiming, 
“ Major, I shall speak last; but you, sir, have 
closed the debate.” Again, on the closing day 
of the debate on the Mills bill—May 18, 1888— 
Major McKinley won an exceptional personal 
and oratorical triumph. With generous cour¬ 
tesy he offered a portion of his own time to 
Samuel J. Randall when Mr. Mills tried to shut 
that veteran Democratic statesman off the floor, 
thus gracefully paving the way to a tariff 
speech of singular power, felicity and orator¬ 
ical charm. On the organization of the List 
Congress, in December, 1889, Major McKinley 
offered himself as a candidate for the Speaker- 
ship, and on being defeated by Thomas B. 
Reed in an amicable contest, the chairman¬ 
ship of the Ways and Means Committee fell 
to him as a compensation. He was universally 
recognized as the one man of all best qualified 
to frame the new tariff law, which it seemed 
desirable to enact when the Republicans re¬ 
sumed full control of the government in 1889. 
Early in 1890 he gave the nation the measure 




William McKinley. 


*53 


which bore his name. Of his work in connec¬ 
tion with it he speaks modestly. “ I was 
chairman of the committee,” he says, “ and 
I performed my duties as best I could. That 
is all. Some of the strongest men in Congress 
were on the committee, and the eight of us 
heard everybody, considered everything and 
made up the best tariff law we knew how to 
frame.” 

It is not needful to enter into a detailed ex¬ 
position of the provisions and effects of the 
McKinley bill. It took the tax from some of 
the chief necessities of life; it stimulated old 
industries and called new ones of vast magni¬ 
tude into prosperous existence; it greatly ex¬ 
tended, by a wise system of reciprocity, the 
foreign commerce of the country; it provided 
means for conducting the government and 
for keeping the financial credit of the nation 
unimpaired. These are the facts now abun¬ 
dantly recognized beyond all challenge. We 
may quote as absolutely true the words spoken 
by Mr. McKinley himself at the time when 
the measure was repealed and the Wilson- 
Gorman measure was substituted in its place: 

“ The law of 1890 was enacted for the Amer¬ 
ican people and the American home. What¬ 
ever mistakes were made in it were all made 
in favor of the occupations and the firesides of 
the American people. It didn’t take away a 
single day’s work from a solitary American 
workingman. It gave work and wages to all, 
such as they had never had before. It did it 
by establishing new and great industries in this 
country, which increased the demand for the 
skill and handiwork of our laborers every¬ 
where. It had no friends in Europe. It gave 


154 


Biography of 


their industries no stimulus. It gave no em¬ 
ployment to their labor at the expense of our 
own. 

During more than two years of the adminis¬ 
tration of President Harrison, and down to its 
end, it raised all the revenue necessary to pay 
the vast expenditures of the government, in¬ 
cluding the interest on the public debt and the 
pensions. It never encroached upon the gold 
reserve, which in the past had always been 
sacredly preserved for the redemption of out¬ 
standing paper obligations of the government. 

During all of its operations, down to the 
change and reversal of its policy by the elec¬ 
tion of 1892, no man can assert that in the in¬ 
dustries affected by it wages were too high, 
although they were higher than ever before in 
this or any other country. If any such can 
be found, I beg that they be named. I chal¬ 
lenge the enemies of the law of 1890 to name 
a single industry of that kind. Further, I as¬ 
sert that in the industries affected by that law, 
which that law fostered, no American con¬ 
sumer suffered by the increased cost of any 
home products that he bought. He never 
bought them so low before, nor did he ever 
enjoy the benefit of so much open, free home 
competition. Neither producer nor consumer, 
employer nor employe, suffered by that law.” 

VIII. 

GOVERNOR OF OHIO. 

Major McKinley’s splendid canvass of 1890 
in a hopelessly Democratic district made him 
the logical Republican candidate for Governor 
of Ohio in the succeeding campaign. He was 
nominated by acclamation to make the race 


William McKinley. 155 

against James E. Campbell, the Governor, 
and the fight he made was one of the hardest 
and most memorable in the history of the 
State. Mr. McKinley began his stumping tour 
on August 1, and for three months he con¬ 
tinued his labors, making from two to a dozen 
speeches a day. His campaign was on na¬ 
tional issues, on the tariff, on protection, and 
so eloquently and passionately did he de¬ 
fend his principles that great crowds turned 
out to hear him. 

In that campaign, the first general campaign 
Mr. McKinley had ever made, he was pro¬ 
nounced the best vote-getter ever seen on the 
stump in Ohio. He won the admiration of 
Democrats, as he won the devotion of Re¬ 
publicans, and his election by a handsome 
majority was gratifying to one party, with¬ 
out being a source of bitterness to the rank 
and file of the other party. As his first term 
in the Governor’s chair drew toward its close 
he was renominated by acclamation, and after 
another spirited campaign he was re-elected 
by a majority of more than 80,000, at that time 
the largest but one in the history of the State. 
This result showed that thousands who had 
heretofore voted the Democratic ticket, put 
in their ballots this time for “ The honorable 
Governor,” as he was popularly styled. 

As Governor, Mr. McKinley never forgot 
that he was the Chief Magistrate, not merely 
of the party which had elected him, but of the 
whole State, and he was untiring in his efforts 
to secure for the whole State a wise, econom¬ 
ical and honorable administration. Many 
questions relating to the welfare of working¬ 
men became acute during his administration, 


IS 6 


Biography of 


and were dealt with by him in a spirit of in¬ 
telligent sympathy. He had already long been 
known as an advocate of arbitration as a 
means of settling disputes between employers 
and employes. It was due to his initiative that 
the State Board of Arbitration was estab¬ 
lished in Ohio, and to its successful operation 
he gave for nearly four years his close per¬ 
sonal attention. 

Many times during his administration the 
peace of the State was disturbed by unseemly 
outbreaks requiring the application of the re¬ 
straining power of the government. This 
power Mr. McKinley exercised with signal 
firmness and discretion. Fifteen times it was 
necessary to call out the State troops for the 
maintenance or restoration of order, but on 
no occasion was the use of them in any respect 
oppressive. During the summer of 1894 
strikes and other disturbances prevailed, espe¬ 
cially on the chief railroad lines, and for three 
weeks the regiments were on duty, acquitting 
themselves most creditably for the protection 
of property and enforcement of the law, with¬ 
out any unnecessary harshness toward either 
party to the disputes. On two noteworthy oc¬ 
casions desperate efforts were made by ill-ad¬ 
vised mobs to commit the crime of lynching. 
Governor McKinley promptly used the mili¬ 
tary forces of the State to prevent such vio¬ 
lence of law and dishonor to the common¬ 
wealth, and showed himself a thorough master 
of the trying situation. 

A distinctive feature of the McKinley ad¬ 
ministration was the absence of red tape and 
needless formality. In his method of trans¬ 
acting business the Governor was concise and 


William McKinley. 


*57 


direct, and in his intercourse with the people, 
though dignified, he was always approachable 
and genial. Access was readily had to him 
at all reasonable times, and no matter of actual 
interest ever failed to receive his courteous, 
prompt and painstaking attention. 

IX. 

SOUGHT FOR HIGHER HONORS. 

It was in the natural order of things that a 
man so forceful and efficient in every tried 
capacity should presently be regarded as a 
possible future President of the United States. 
As early as 1880 he was spoken of as a com¬ 
ing candidate. In 1884 his name was brought 
before the Republican National Convention, 
though not with his authority or desire. Four 
years later, in 1888, the Presidency lay within 
his reach, but he declined it on a point of 
honor. He was a delegate to the Chicago 
Convention from Ohio, pledged to support the 
candidacy of his friend, Senator Sherman. 
After several ballots had been taken, how¬ 
ever, it became evident that the veteran states- 
j man from Ohio was not to be the convention's 
choice. His friends supported him loyally, 

I but were in a minority, and were unable to 
rally others to their standard. So some of 
them began to cast about for another candi¬ 
date to whom they could transfer their votes 
with better prospect of success. Their choice 
quickly fell upon McKinley. From the first 
two delegates had been voting persistently 
for him, although he had not, of course, been 
formally placed in nomination. Now the num¬ 
ber of his supporters rose to fourteen. The 
air became electric with premonitions of a 



>58 


Biography of 


stampede. He had listened to the announce¬ 
ment of the two votes for him on each ballot 
with mingled annoyance and amusement. But 
now the case was growing serious. The next 
ballot might give him a majority of the whole 
convention. He had only to sit still and the 
ripe fruit would drop into his hands. He had 
only to utter an equivocal protest and the 
result would be the same. But there was 
nothing equivocal about William McKinley. 
On one side was his personal honor; on the 
other side the Presidency of the United States. 
In choosing between the two hesitation was 
impossible. He sprang to his feet with an 
expression upon his face and an accent in his 
voice that thrilled the vast assembly, but 
hushed it mute and silent as the grave while 
he spoke: 

“ I am here as one of the chosen represent¬ 
atives of my State. I am here by resolution 
of the Republican State Convention, passed 
without a single dissenting vote, commanding 
me to cast my vote for John Sherman for 
President and to use every worthy endeavor 
for his nomination. I accepted the trust be¬ 
cause my heart and my judgment were in ac¬ 
cord with the letter and spirit and purpose of 
that resolution. It has pleased certain dele¬ 
gates to cast their vote for me for President. 
I am not insensible to the honor they would 
do me, but in the presence of the duty resting 
upon me, I cannot remain silent with honor. 

“ I cannot consistently with the wish of the 
State whose credentials I bear and which has 
trusted me; I cannot with honorable fidelity to 
John Sherman; I cannot consistently with my 
own views of personal integrity, consent, or 


William McKinley. 


! 59 


seem to consent, to permit my name to be 
used as a candidate before this convention. I 
would not respect myself if I should find it in 
my heart to do so, or permit to be done that 
which would ever be ground for any one to 
suspect that I wavered in my loyalty to Ohio 
or my devotion to the chief of her choice and 
the chief of mine. I do not request, I demand 
that no delegate who would not cast reflection 
upon me shall cast a ballot for me.” 

That ended it. There was no stampede. 
McKinley was the hero of the hour, and his 
heroism prevailed. The nomination was not 
forced upon him, neither could he secure it 
for Mr. Sherman, though he loyally strove to 
do so to the end. But no man ever walked 
out of a National Convention with higher hon¬ 
ors upon him than those he bore that day. 

Another similar incident occurred in 1892. 
Mr. McKinley was the presiding officer. He 
was pledged in honor to the support of Presi¬ 
dent Harrison for renomination. But many 
party managers sought to defeat that renomi¬ 
nation, and sought to do so by stampeding the 
convention for McKinley himself. No less 
than 182 votes were cast for him, against his 
earnest protest. When the vote of Ohio was 
announced, “ 44 for McKinley,” he himself 
from the chair challenged its correctness. The 
reply was made that he was not then a mem¬ 
ber of the delegation, his alternate taking his 
place when he was elected to the chair. There¬ 
upon Mr. McKinley called another man to the 
chair and took his place upon the floor, 
checked the incipient stampede and moved that 
the nomination of Harrison be made unani¬ 
mous. " Your turn will come in 1896! ” 


160 Biography of 

shouted his supporters, and that prophecy was 
fulfilled with literal exactness. 

X. 

THE PRESIDENT. 

Two or three years before the St. Louis 
Convention assembled, Governor McKinley’s 
choice as the next Republican presidential 
nominee began to be clearly foreshadowed. 
His two successful campaigns in Ohio, his 
wide popularity and exceptional talents as an 
orator and a political leader, 'marked him as 
the most available candidate with whom to 
make the approaching contest for the presi¬ 
dency. In the great States of New York, 
Pennsylvania and Illinois an organized effort 
was made by the party managers to stem the 
tide of sentiment toward McKinley, but by the 
spring of 1896 it was evident that Republican 
opinion, as a whole, ardently favored his se¬ 
lection as the head of the national ticket. At 
St. Louis he had more than a majority of the 
votes cast on the first ballot and was there¬ 
upon declared the unanimous choice of the 
convention. The nomination of Colonel 
William J. Bryan by the Democratic National 
Convention three weeks later gave the national 
campaign a novel and trying character. To 
meet the fierce assaults of the new silver 
coalition, great courage, patience and energy 
were demanded, and the national canvass was 
soon converted into a duel of argument and 
oratory between the opposing candidates. In 
this contest Major McKinley displayed afresh 
all the great qualities as a debater and a leader 
which he had developed in a long, admirable 
public career. Meeting the Democratic at- 


William McKinley. 161 

tack on property and national credit, it was 
boldly checked, and after one of the most not¬ 
able and stirring Presidential campaigns on 
record Republican efforts were rewarded with 
decisive success. Two hundred and seventy- 
one Republican electors were chosen, against 
one hundred and seventy-six Democratic or 
fusion electors, and both houses of Congress 
were found to be Republican. 

Major McKinley began his first term of 
office on March 4, 1889. He found many com¬ 
plicated and urgent tasks ahead of him. His 
first care was to honorably redeem the promise 
of the Republican party to repair the breaches 
in the protective tariff system and to insure 
the Treasury an ample revenue. Congress 
was called together in extraordinary session, 
and after three months of effort the Dingley 
tariff law was passed. This ended the period 
of Treasury deficits and enabled the govern¬ 
ment to restore its credit and build up its 
gold reserve. The other complementary task 
—that of enacting the gold standard into law— 
was reserved for the closing years of the ad¬ 
ministration, being accomplished finally at the 
first session of the following Congress. 

The history of President McKinley’s first 
administration is, however, largely the history 
of the Spanish War and of the political issues 
and consequences of that conflict. Forced 
slowly into an attitude in which intervention 
in Cuba became a national duty, President Mc¬ 
Kinley reluctantly yielded to the necessity of 
appealing to force to accomplish American 
ends Once engaged in war, however, no 
energy was spared in prosecuting it to a signal 
victory or weakness shown in facing the re- 



l6 2 


Biography of 


sponsibilities thrust on the United States by 
its military triumph. The conclusion of the 
Treaty of Paris marked a new epoch in Ameri¬ 
can history, and President McKinley’s admin¬ 
istration will take its final color in history 
from that far-reaching event. To tell the 
story of the Spanish War and the expansion 
of American power to the West Indies, to 
Hawaii and across the Pacific is wholly be¬ 
yond the needs or purposes of this sketch. 
It is enough to say that the United States 
has come to realize a new spirit of nationality 
and to seek new means of sustaining its dig¬ 
nity and credit as a responsible factor in the 
politics not of this hemisphere only, but of 
both Eastern and Western worlds. 

In June, 1900, President McKinley was re¬ 
nominated by acclamation by the Republican 
National Convention, held at Philadelphia, 
and, after another spirited but far less strenu¬ 
ous canvass against the same political rival, 
he was again triumphantly elected President, 
receiving 292 electoral votes against 155 for 
the Democratic nominee. Shortly after his 
second inauguration—March 4, 1901—the Pres¬ 
ident issued a public statement refusing abso¬ 
lutely to be considered a possible candidate for 
a third term. 

On April 30th, 1901, the President with Mrs. 
McKinley, members of the cabinet, an official 
stereographer, reporters, and others, started 
upon what was intended to be a circular tour 
of the country, from the Atlantic to the Pa¬ 
cific, the Gulf to the Lakes. It was the most 
important tour ever made by a President, al¬ 
though the serious illness of Mrs. McKinley 


William McKinley. 163 

in San Francisco caused the journey to be cut 
short when only half completed. 

In September, 1901, the President went to 
Buffalo, New York, and on September 5th, he 
made a memorable speech reviewing the past 
and outlining the future policy of his adminis¬ 
tration. The next day, September 6th, while 
presiding at a public reception, President Mc¬ 
Kinley was shot by an anarchist. The Presi¬ 
dent lived for eight days, during which time 
he gave to the nation a remarkable and im¬ 
pressive lesson of Christian fortitude and faith. 
He died on September 14th, 1901. 

The State funeral took place in the Capitol 
Building at Washington on September 17th, 
after which the body was taken back to the 
President’s home city, Canton, Ohio, and 
buried on September 19th, while the mourning 
nation stood hushed and with thoughts turned 
toward the Divine Ruler as never before in its 
history. And thus closed, with the halo of 
martrydom, the earthly career of the most 
illustrious and most loved man of his genera¬ 
tion. 

XI. 

HOME LIFE. 

If President McKinley’s public activities and 
achievements were typical of the best Amer¬ 
icanism, his home was equally a typical Amer¬ 
ican home. His visit to his sister, at Canton, 
just after the war, decided the vocation 
he should pursue. For another reason it 
was a memorable and momentous visit. Dur¬ 
ing it he met one of his sister’s friends, a 
pretty schoolgirl, named Ida Saxton, the 
daughter of James Saxton, a well-to-do banker 


164 Biography of William McKinley . 

of Canton. A mere acquaintanceship was 
formed, and when he went to Albany to study 
law and she to a seminary at Media, Pa., to 
complete her education, they temporarily lost 
sight of each other. But a few years later, 
when he returned to Canton to open his little 
law office, and she came home from school, 
they met again. Acquaintance ripened into 
friendship, and friendship into love. It was 
ambitious for a struggling lawyer to seek the 
hand of one of the prettiest and richest girls in 
the town, who was already besieged by an 
army of suitors. But McKinley was not 
daunted by rivalry, and presently won his suit 
—the best, as he has often said, he ever won 
in all his life. 

They were married on January 25, 1871, and 
their domestic life was singularly happy, de¬ 
spite the afflictions that came upon them. 
Two daughters were born to them, who both 
died in infancy. From that time Mrs. Mc¬ 
Kinley was an invalid, and her husband’s de¬ 
votion to her w.as as deeply affectionate as it 
was untiring. 


Extraordinary Resulis From Stereo¬ 
scopic Photographs.* 

BY ALBERT E. OSBORNE. 

The purpose of the writer of the following 
pages is to call attention, first of all, to the 
essential respects in which a stereoscopic pho¬ 
tograph differs from all other photographs or 
pictures. The prime quality that puts the stere¬ 
ograph in a class by itself is its depth or per¬ 
spective. All other pictures suggest depth, but 
the stereograph has the far and near of the 
real landscape. The marble pillar looks round 
and solid; “ the branches of the trees,” as Dr. 
Oliver Wendell Holmes says, “ run out at us as 
if they would scratch our eyes out.” Moreover, 
this individual characteristic makes it possible 
for the stereoscopic picture to appear life-size — 
a remarkable effect that will be explained be¬ 
low. Again, the stereoscopic representation 
differs from all others in the conditions under 
which we look at it. By the peculiar con¬ 
struction of the stereoscope, the observer is 
shut away entirely from the room in which he 
is sitting. 

The second object of this paper is to con¬ 
sider some of the distinctive results to be 
gained by the use of stereoscopic photographs; 
particularly, to point out the most remarkable 
fact that as a result of the special nature of 
the stereograph and the special conditions un¬ 
der which it is seen, it is possible for the ob¬ 
server to obtain the same mental experiences 
that he would have if he were looking at the 
place itself. Certainly, the real end sought by 
a traveller to a distant country is his mental 
experiences, his states of consciousness there; 
all he brings home with him, of course, are the 
results of these mental experiences; he does 
not bring home St. Peter’s, the Tiber, nor the 
Alps; and the mental experiences given by 
the stereograph are of precisely the same kind 


* From The Stereoscopic Photograph , March, 1902. 



166 Extraordinary Results from 

or quality as those received by the “ man on 
the spot.” The testimony given below by a 
man who visited Venice, after looking at stere¬ 
ographs of certain parts of that city, throws 
interesting light on this point. 

But to get these experiences a person must 
look at the stereoscopic scene with attention 
and with the same knowledge of it that the 
traveller has in visiting the actual place. So 
the third and dual object of this article will 
be to discuss the helps required for the proper 
use of stereographs. Under this head we shall 
describe a new system of maps which enables 
the person to understand exactly what part 
of the earth he is seeing in the stereoscope, and 
what his surroundings must be; further, we 
shall describe the nature of the information to 
be given in connection with the stereograph, 
and lastly the means necessary to induce the 
proper states of mind. 

THE DISTINCTIVE NATURE OF STEREOGRAPHS. 

Coming back to the characteristics of stereo¬ 
graphs that make them individual, all people 
with normal eyes who have looked at properly 
made stereoscopic photographs through a good 
stereoscope, must have noticed a striking sense 
of depth in them. The objects represented ap¬ 
pear to “stand out” as “solid objects.” It 
is true that any picture in which light 
and shade are properly managed has more 
or less of the effect or appearance of solidity; 
but in the stereoscope there is added an en¬ 
tirely different kind of perspective which, to 
our eyes, gives actual depth, actual solidity, 
actual space. 

This difference between the appearance of ob¬ 
jects in the stereoscope, and in all other pic¬ 
tures, corresponds to the difference between 
one-eye and two-eye vision. The ordinary 
photograph is taken by a camera with a single 
lens opening, and, consequently, shows us ob¬ 
jects exactly as we should see the same ob¬ 
jects with one eye closed. The two pictures 
that make up a stereograph, on the other hand, 
are made by a camera with two lenses, set as 
far apart as our two eyes, and thus we get in 


S’ tereoscopic Photographs . 167 

the stereoscope the effect of seeing objects 
with both eyes open. 

The way in which vision with two eyes dif¬ 
fers from vision with one eye is thus stated 
by Dr. Oliver Wendell Holmes: “We see 
something with the second eye that we do not 
see with the first—in other words, the two eyes 
see different pictures of the same thing, for the 
obvious reason that they look from points two 
or three inches apart. By means of these two 
different views of an object, the mind, as it 
were, feels round it and gets an idea of its 
solidity. We clasp an object with our eyes as 
with our arms, or with our hands, or with 
our thumb and finger, and then we know it 
to be something more than a surface. Though, 
as we have seen, the two eyes look on two 
different pictures, we perceive but one picture. 
The two have run together and become blended 
in a third, which shows us everything we see 
in each. But, in order that they should run 
together, both the eyes and the brain must be 
in a normal state. Push one eye a little in¬ 
ward with the forefinger, and the image is 
doubled, or at least confused. Only certain 
parts of the two retinae work harmoniously 
together, and you have disturbed their natural 
relations. Again, take two or three glasses 
more than temperance permits, and you see 
double; the eyes are right enough, probably, 
but the brain is in trouble, and does not re¬ 
port their telegraphic messages correctly. These 
exceptions illustrate the everyday truth that 
when we are in right condition, our two eyes 
see two somewhat different pictures, which 
our perception combines to form one picture, 
representing objects in all their dimensions, 
and not merely as surfaces.” 

Passing on to the possibility of utilizing this 
principle of two-eye vision in making photo¬ 
graphs he says: 

“ Now, if we can get two artificial pictures 
of any given object, one as we should see it 
with the right eye, the other as we should see it 
with the left eye, and then, looking at the 
right picture, and that only with the right eye, 
and at the left picture, and that only with the 


i68 


Extraordinary Results from 


left eye, contrive some way of making these 
pictures run together as we have seen our two 
views of natural objects do, we shall get the 
sense of solidity that natural objects give us.” 

How can we attain these two ends? As we 
have suggested, we obtain the two pictures of 
any given object or place by means of a cam¬ 
era having two lenses, set between two and 
three inches apart—the normal distance between 
our eyes. Thus it is that we get the two photo¬ 
graphs seen on the stereoscopic card. Many 
have supposed that these two photographs were 
exact duplicates of each other, but since they 
are taken from different standpoints (nearly 
three inches apart), it is obvious that they 
must differ. By a careful comparison of the 
two parts of any particular stereograph in 
which some object in the foreground is out¬ 
lined against some object in the background, 
we can partially discover the differences cor¬ 
responding to the differences between the ob¬ 
servations of the two eyes, one seeing a little 
farther around on the right side of things, the 
other seeing farther around their left side. 

We can obtain the required double pictures 
then. But the pictures are two, and we need to 
run them together so that we may see them as 
one, as in natural vision. “ How shall we make 
one picture out of two, the corresponding parts 
of which are separated by a distance of two 
or three inches?” We are enabled to do this 
by looking through the two prisms in the stere¬ 
oscope. These two pieces of glass, thick at 
one edge and thin at the other, and with their 
thin edges turned toward each other, have the 
power when we look through them of throwing 
the two pictures inward, so that we can run 
them together into one representation, in which 
we get once more the effect of all three di¬ 
mensions in space—height, width, thickness 
or depth. 

Speaking of this resulting effect, Dr. Holmes 
says: “ The first effect of looking at a good 
photograph through the stereoscope is a sur¬ 
prise such as no painting ever produced. The 
mind feels its way into the very depth of the 
picture. The scraggy branches of a tree in the 


Stereoscopic Photographs. 169 

foreground run out at us as if they would 
scratch our eyes out. The elbow of a figure 
stands forth so as to make us almost uncom¬ 
fortable.” It must be evident to any one that 
in the stereoscope we do not look merely upon 
the flat surface of a photograph, but we see 
every object back of the photographic card as 
actually as we see everything back of a win¬ 
dow pane. Though the space thus placed be¬ 
fore us in the stereoscope is not a space in the 
sense that we can stretch our hand out into 
it, still it is an actual space for the mind 
through our eyes. 

Furthermore, the stereograph becomes not 
only an actual space to the eyes in the stereo¬ 
scope, but when the focal length of the camera, 
the distance from the lenses to the plate, 
and the focal length of the stereoscope, the 
distance from the lenses to the stereograph, 
correspond, the stereograph may be seen as a 
life-size space, a life-size representation, the 
object or landscape being shown in natural size 
and at natural distance. That is, the two small, 
flat, photographic prints, nearly three by three 
inches in size, about six inches from the eyes, 
can serve as two windows through which we 
look and beyond which we see the repre¬ 
sentation of the object or place standing out 
as large as the original object or place would 
appear to the eyes of one looking from the 
place where the camera stood. 

The possibility under such conditions of get¬ 
ting from a small image near us the impression 
of a large object or scene in the distance, is 
made clear by a little thinking. Suppose a 
man stands thirty feet from the camera when 
the photographer makes the exposure? The 
man will appear on the photograph as only 
a tiny image. But when we look out through 
the lenses of the stereoscope, this small image 
only a few inches from us delivers the same 
message to our eyes as would the full size 
man thirty feet away. The simple experiment 
of seeing how a small piece of paper held six 
inches from our eye will completely hide a 
man thirty feet from us, demonstrates this per¬ 
fectly. The same piece of paper would hide 


170 Extraordinary Results from 

an immense building farther away. It is in ac¬ 
cordance with this fact that when we look 
through the lenses of the stereoscope we are 
enabled practically to look also through the 
stereograph as if it were a transparent screen 
or window, and see the real objects, full-size 
again, as far distant from us as they were 
from the camera when the stereograph was 
taken. 

There are those to whom it appears at first 
that they see only miniature spaces in the stere¬ 
oscope. It is true that not all the conditions 
of actual vision are so fulfilled in the stereo¬ 
scope as to make it necessary for a person to 
see things in their natural proportions; never¬ 
theless, it is found that enough of these con¬ 
ditions are fulfilled to make it entirely possi¬ 
ble for anyone to acquire rapidly the power of 
such interpretation. In fact, this miniature ef¬ 
fect to some people is due mainly to their con¬ 
stant remembrance of the small card a few 
inches from their eyes. They modify what they 
might see by what they think they ought to 
see. If such people will take note of the fact 
that none of the objects seen in the stereoscope 
are located on the surface of the photographic 
prints so close to their eyes, that they see every 
object back of these prints as actually as if they 
were looking through transparent screens or 
windows, then they soon get impressions of ob¬ 
jects or places in the stereoscope as large as 
they would if looking at the original object or 
place through windows of the same size and 
at the same distance from their eyes. “ We 
must grasp and hold fast to this fact as to the 
size of these representations when seen in the 
stereoscope, and as a necessary help to this, 
their location entirely separate from and back 
of the stereoscopic card, if we are to be in a 
position to begin to judge of their usefulness.” 
So much for the remarkable nature of a stereo¬ 
scopic representation and the way in which it 
differs from all other representations. 

With regard to the special conditions under 
which we look at the stereoscopic scene, a word 
only is required: that is, that we look with 
our eyes shut in by the hood of the stereoscope, 


Stereoscopic Photographs. 171 

so that all our immediate physical surroundings 
are shut away from us. 

REMARKABLE EXPERIENCES GAINED FROM THE 
USE OF STEREOSCOPIC PHOTOGRAPHS. 

We come now to the consideration of the 
practical significance of these differences be¬ 
tween stereoscopic and all other illustrations. 
We pass over the obvious advantages of the 
more accurate visual impressions of things 
gained in the stereoscope, and come at once to 
the fact that, because of the special nature of 
stereoscopic photographs and the peculiar con¬ 
ditions under which we look at them, it is 
possible for people to get an essentially and fun¬ 
damentally different experience from them than 
can be obtained from any other illustrations. 
Dr. Hervey, ex-president of the Teachers Col¬ 
lege, New York, in writing of some stereo¬ 
graphs of Palestine, put the matter as follows: 
“ When one looks at an ordinary picture of 
Palestine with the naked eye, one feels himself 
to be still in America, or wherever he may be 
at the time. Through the stereoscope, with the 
outer world shut off by the hood, one feels 
himself to be looking right at the scene itself.” 

The full meaning and the great importance 
of the fact alluded to in this statement is not 
easily realized. In trying to bring out its sig¬ 
nificance more specifically, we shall begin by 
saying that with the proper attention and the 
proper helps, maps, etc., a person can obtain 
in the stereoscope a definite sense or experience 
of geographical location in that part of the 
earth he sees represented before him. The gen¬ 
eral impression has been that there is no pos¬ 
sible way by which a person can get an ex¬ 
perience of location in a distant country except 
by going there in body. It is now being found 
that it is possible to obtain a definite experience 
of location geographically in a definite place, 
in a distant part of the earth, while sitting 
at home, in connection with a streoscopic pho¬ 
tograph of that place. 

To guard against misunderstanding let us 
state here that it is not affirmed that the travel¬ 
ler’s experiences of movement can be obtained 


172 


Extraordinary Results from 


in connection with the stereoscope. But who 
would not consider it a great privilege to stand 
in fifty definite places in Rome, for instance, 
and look with a definite field of vision? The 
claim is that genuine experiences of this charac¬ 
ter, with certain limitations to be spoken of 
later, can be obtained in the stereoscope. It is 
to be recognized, also, that all the individual dif¬ 
ferences in people would hold in one case as 
in the other. One person gains more than an¬ 
other from an actual visit to a place, and of 
course one person will gain more than an¬ 
other from the stereographs of the place. 

Before anyone says that it is impossible 
to get even such experiences in the stereoscope 
as we have alluded to, let us consider an im¬ 
portant and relevant fact about our nature—the 
fact that our sense of location is determined 
in nearly all cases, not from what we hear or 
feel, but from what we see. When we look 
at ordinary photographs in our hands or on 
the wall, or when we look at paintings in a 
gallery, we always see the book or frame or 
part of the room about us, as well as the 
pictured scene, and consequently we continue 
to have a distinct sense of our location in the 
place where the picture is. In using the stereo¬ 
scope, however, the hood about our eyes shuts 
our room away from us, shuts out the America 
or England that may be about us, and shuts us 
in with the hill or city or the people standing 
out beyond the stereoscopic card. If now we 
we know by the use of maps exactly where on 
the earth’s surface this hill or city or group 
of people is located, then it is in accordance 
with the law of our nature that we may have 
a distinct sense or experience of our location 
there. Other conditions are that we shall look 
intently, and look with clear thought, not only 
of the location of what we see before us, but 
also of what we know (from the study of the 
maps) must be on our left or right or behind 
us. 

The best evidence, and indeed a sufficient 
proof, that we do get such an experience when 
we look at stereoscopic photographs properly, 
is the fact that, ever afterwards, we find our- 


Stereoscopic Photographs. 173 

selves going back in memory over mountains 
and seas to the place in the distant country 
where the real place is located, rather than to 
the room in America or England where we 
saw the stereoscopic scene. We find that our 
memory acts in a decidedly different way when 
we recall our experiences in connection with 
other pictures, which not only lack actual depth 
j for the eyes, but. which we have looked upon 
while our immediate surroundings were not 
shut out. Here is an illustration. In the Metro¬ 
politan Museum of Art in New York there is 
a beautiful painting of a place in Holland. It 
i is a haying scene, and the field, with its mounds 
of hay, stretches away to the distant hill with a 
; fine effect of space and reality. I have lingered 
before this scene many times until it stands 
out with great vividness in my memory. I 
: think I know about where the real place is lo- 
j cated in Holland. Nevertheless, whenever I 
think of this scene my memory goes back di- 
; rectly and definitely, not to Holland, but to the 
Metropolitan Museum of Art in New York, 

I and afterwards, if at all, to Holland. This, we 
[ see, is in decided contrast to what I found to 
be the behavior of my memory in regard to 
my experiences when I have looked at scenes 
I in the stereoscope intelligently. The place where 
I was while looking at the stereoscopic scene 
is entirely, or almost entirely, ignored. My 
thought goes back directly and unerringly to 
1 the distant part of the earth where the actual 
(place is located. This is the best of proof as 
to what was the state of my consciousness at 
the time. 

Now, whenever we do get this sense of lo¬ 
cation in a certain place—Rome, for instance— 
in the stereoscope, it means that we have gained 
not merely the same visual impressions in all 
essential respects of certain places in Rome that 
we should get if we were there in body, but 
also part of the very same feelings we should 
experience there. It means that we are per¬ 
vaded with entirely different emotions; that 
we are in a state of emotion appropriate to a 
place in Rome and its surroundings, rather 
than the state of emotion that would result 


174 


Extraordinary Results from 


from being in our everyday home surround¬ 
ings before a picture of Rome. The only dif¬ 
ference in the feelings experienced in the pres¬ 
ence of Rome itself and in the presence of 
Rome as shown in the stereoscope is a differ¬ 
ence in quantity or intensity, not a difference 
in kind. So this sense or experience of geo¬ 
graphical location means a definite state of 
a person’s consciousness, a soul state, which 
has all the three aspects of intellect, feeling and 
desire or will that characterize the traveller’s 
state of consciousness on the spot. We can 
only refer here to the vital importance of thus 
getting the emotions that a place can inspire. 
Says Professor Ladd: “The emotions fur¬ 
nish the springs of action for man in his ra¬ 
tional activities.” “ Out of the heart,” not out 
of the intellect, “ are the issues of life.” We 
must ever remember, then, with Professor 
Sully, that “ The objects of the external world 
only acquire value for us in so far as they 
touch our feelings.” 

In the stereoscope we are, of course, limited 
to such experiences as the traveller might get 
while standing in certain places with definite 
fields of vision. We get neither movement nor 
color. Other limitations we shall have to con¬ 
sider in connection with the stereoscope are that 
the experience of location in the place repre¬ 
sented will be limited in duration, often last¬ 
ing with some people only a few seconds at a 
time; and further, as mentioned above, there 
will be a difference in the quantity or inten¬ 
sity, but not a difference in the kind of feel¬ 
ings. It is found, however, that none of these 
limitations affect the reality or genuineness of 
one’s experiences in connection with the stereo¬ 
scope. 

But, probably, someone is insisting now that 
after all these cannot be the genuine results, 
the genuine experiences of travel; these cannot 
be real experiences of being in certain places 
in Italy which people get in the stereoscope, 
because it is not the real Italy they are look¬ 
ing at. 

At first thought such a statement is absolutely 
conclusive and final. The absence of the real 


Stereoscopic Photographs. 175 

Italy in the stereoscope would seem to make 
anything but a make-believe experience of 
being in Italy impossible. But let us wait a 
moment. What is the end sought in going as 
a traveller to Italy ? What would be the results 
to us of such a trip? As travellers, we would 
not go to possess ourselves of the buildings or 
lands of Italy. We certainly would not attempt 
to bring the material fields and cities back 
with us. Such an idea would never enter our 
minds. Our purpose in making that long and 
arduous journey would be to gain certain 
experiences of being in Italy. What we would 
bring back with us would not be the material 
Italy, but the effect of these experiences in our 
lives and the power to go back to them in 
memory. 

Now if the end sought in taking such a trip 
is not Italy, the material land, but, on the con¬ 
trary, experiences of being in the land, let us 
be sure we understand what we mean by our 
experiences of being in the land, in distinction 
from the land itself. To develop this more 
clearly, let us think of a traveller standing in 
Rome near the Arch of Titus, looking out over 
the Roman Forum. As he stands there, with 
the ancient Forum stretching away before him, 
he is concerned with two kinds of realities, 
each essentially different from the other. 
First he is concerned with the material soil 
and broken marble, realities of the physical 
world; second, he is concerned with the reali¬ 
ties of his inner mental states—his states of 
consciousness, his thoughts, emotions, desires. 
The realities of the physical world about him 
have weight and material substance, the reali¬ 
ties of his inner mental states are without 
weight and material substance. But it cannot 
be emphasized too strongly that these states 
of consciousness are actual realities, that while 
the broken column is a reality, the thought 
and emotion it stirs in a man are realities also. 
On the one hand we have the facts of the physi¬ 
cal world, and on the other, the facts of con¬ 
scious soul states, the facts of conscious life. 

* Thus we are able to see clearly that all the 
pleasure and profit for this traveller is found 


176 


Extraordinary Results from 


not in the extent of the material ruins of Italy, 
but in the extent of the states of his conscious¬ 
ness, which are called into existence by these 
material ruins of Italy. No matter how many 
physical objects there may be in the Forum, 
no matter how many thoughts and emotions 
they are capable of stirring in the human soul, 
nevertheless, a certain traveller gets as a result 
of his presence there only so much as he be¬ 
comes aware of, only so much as comes to have 
existence in his own consciousness. The Forum 
is the same in its physical make-up, whoever 
goes to see it, or whether anybody goes to see 
it; but the states of consciousness that different 
people experience in connection with it, or that 
a certain person experiences at different times, 
will vary greatly according as such people no¬ 
tice more or are capable, because of greater 
knowledge or experience, of thinking and feel¬ 
ing more. 

We see then that when we speak of a man’s 
experiences in a place, we do not mean at all 
the objective place, made up of material things, 
the realities of the physical world, but we do 
mean specifically the man’s subjective states, 
the realities of his soul life, which are 
called into existence by the place. There are 
always two kinds of realities involved, the for¬ 
mer serving as a cause, the latter being the 
effect; the physical reality serves simply as a 
means to produce a certain state of conscious¬ 
ness, the mental reality, the end sought. 

Now we can return to the stereoscope and 
see that proving that one of these realities is 
absent does not necessarily prove that the other 
is. The two are not identical. To prove that 
there is no real Italy before one in the stereo¬ 
scope does not prove there is no real soul states 
within him, no genuine experiences of being in 
Italy. That would be going on the assumption 
that nothing but the material Italy can induce 
such, states of consciousness. That would be 
illogical and has been disproved by experi¬ 
ence. Men are finding that these marvellous 
representations are capable, when used with 
maps and other helps, of prompting a genuine 
experience of being in the place represented. 


i77 


.S 'iereoscopic Photographs. 

It necessarily follows that we must then be 
pervaded with a state of emotion appropriate 
to the place, differing in quantity, but not in 
kind, from that felt by the traveller. We do 
“ feel,” as Dr. Hervey says, “ that we are look¬ 
ing right at the scene itself.” 

But it is important for us to know that gen¬ 
erally people who have passed through such an 
experience in the stereoscope do not recognize 
it. Here is a case that exactly illustrates what 
I mean. I was talking with a gentleman who 
had just returned from Venice, Before going 
he had prepared himself very carefully, he said, 
for his visit. Among other things, he had made 
a study of some stereoscopic photographs of 
Venice. By the help of maps he had found 
the points from which he was looking in the 
several stereographs and the location of those 
parts of Venice which were represented before 
him, and then he gave himself to a thoughtful 
and sympathetic contemplation of what he saw. 
Finally, he reached Venice. He left the train 
eagerly and expectantly. But, as he told me, 
he was soon surprised and disappointed in that 
he seemed to have no new experience, no new 
taste of feeling. It seemed as though he was 
returning to places he had visited before. 
As he thought it over, his mind went back to 
the time when he saw the stereographs. He 
recognized that he had gained from them not 
only wonderfully accurate ideas of the ap¬ 
pearance of many places in Venice, but dis¬ 
tinct experiences of location in Venice, ex¬ 
periences which had brought with them part 
of the very same feelings that came to him on 
the ground in Venice. He experienced more 
emotion when in the place itself, but he rec¬ 
ognized it was more of the same kind that 
had come to him while shut in with the stereo¬ 
graphs at home. 

Thousands have made this same mistake. 
Though they have gained from stereographs 
these genuine experiences of the traveller, still 
they have gone on longing for an actual visit, 
with the idea that it would mean something 
entirely different from anything they had yet 
known. It is only natural, though, for us to 


178 Extraordinary Results from 

make such mistakes about our inner experi¬ 
ences. Says one psychologist, “ Facts of con¬ 
sciousness may be just now observed, though 
they have been experienced millions of times.” 
At first thought, many would be inclined to say 
that they know what had been their experiences 
while using the stereoscope, but only the most 
careful thinking could make them really sure 
after all. 

So we cannot say too strongly, nor see too 
clearly, that in the sterescope we are dealing 
with realities, but they are the realities of soul 
states, not the realities of outward physical 
things. The object or place represented does 
not actually exist in space before the person, 
but the person’s state of consciousness, made 
up of thoughts, emotions, desires, does exist 
in reality and will ever have its influence as 
such in his mental, moral, soul life. 

The more we consider stereographs, therefore, 
the more clear it becomes that their main pur¬ 
pose is not simply to communicate informa¬ 
tion as to the appearance of places, but to do 
this in such manner that the information or 
visual impressions conveyed may be the means 
or occasion of a vigorous and varied exertion 
of the faculties of the person looking, of in¬ 
citing in him certain states of mind with re¬ 
lation to the place itself, rather than the pic¬ 
ture. Evidently, if this sort of experience can 
be obtained from stereographs, we should be 
satisfied with nothing less. 

HOW TO USE STEREOSCOPIC PHOTOGRAPHS, HELPS 
NEEDED, MAPS, BOOKS, ETC. 

But this means entirely different methods of 
using stereographs. For, as soon as we take 
up the stereograph with the idea of gaining 
an experience of location in the place repre¬ 
sented, we find, unless we have already visited 
the place, we need much in addition to the stere¬ 
ograph itself. Accordingly, careful attention is 
being given to the question of what is required 
to enable people to gain the fullest, richest ex¬ 
periences from stereographs, experiences near¬ 
est to those of the traveller. Primarily it is 
found that we must treat the stereograph as 


Stereoscopic Photographs . 179 

we treat the place. This means, first, exact 
knowledge of where on the earth’s surface the 
place which we see in the stereosocope is lo¬ 
cated and of our relation to this place with 
regard to the points of the compass. To give 
people this knowledge in connection with stere¬ 
ographs a new patent map system has been de¬ 
vised. On these maps we find indicated the 
point from which each scene is photographed, 
and by two red lines which diverge from each 
point the territory included in each particular 
stereograph is shown. Thus a person looking 
at a scene in the stereoscope is enabled to know 
precisely where on the earth’s surface he is 
standing, oyer precisely what part of the earth 
he is looking, and hence he can know also 
from the maps what his surroundings must 
be. This knowledge is of absolutely first im¬ 
portance if we wish to gain the experiences in 
the sterescope we have been talking about. We 
certainly could not expect to gain a definite 
sense or consciousness of location in any place, 
and of our surroundings there, unless we know 
where that place is. It is easily seen that 
without such maps all series of photographs 
or illustrations that have been or can be pub¬ 
lished must show a country or city to our minds 
in disconnected, unrelated fragments. It is 
utterly impossible for a person, not already 
familiar with the ground by an actual visit, 
to get from such unrelated sections an ex¬ 
perience in any part of a country such as the 
traveller gets. The mind cannot place such 
disconnected sections in their proper relation 
to each other or the world. Such a map sys¬ 
tem as the above is then absolutely necessary 
if we are to treat stereoscopic photographs as 
we treat the place itself. 

Again, if we are to obtain an experience 
from the stereograph as from the place, we must 
obtain the same knowledge of the different 
buildings and objects shown in the stereograph, 
of what they stand for, their history, etc., that 
we would get on the ground. 

Accordingly, books are being issued in con¬ 
nection with the stereographs of a city or coun¬ 
try. In these books the author or guide takes 


180 Extraordinary Results from 

up the stereoscopic scenes in order and calls 
attention to the objects of interest in each 
one, and gives some of the important history 
connected with it, as would be done if talking 
to a party of tourists on the spot. Of course 
it is as impossible to give all the history as¬ 
sociated with these places as it would be for 
the traveller to go over it all on his visit. Ten 
thousand books could not exhaust the past 
in a place like Rome. But the plan is to call 
attention to all that is especially important in 
each scene and give something of its past. 
After such familiar acquaintances with these 
historic sites and buildings, it will require a 
lifetime to follow up all the lines of interest 
that are started within us. 

It should be recognized that work along this 
line is on practically a new problem. Many 
books have been written to aid the tourist in 
his walks in the actual Rome. Probably the 
question of how to get the most out of an 
actual visit to Rome is pretty well solved. But 
the question of how to get the most out of 
Rome as it can be seen through the stereoscope 
has never been solved. In fact, in the past, 
because of the fragmentary and unrelated char¬ 
acter of photographs, it has been impossible 
to make them the foundation of any systematic 
and intelligent study of a city or country. With 
the invention of this new map system it has 
been made possible for the first time to gain in¬ 
formation of distant places in as intelligent and 
systematic a way as by actual travel. The op¬ 
portunities now opened up in this field are 
hardly dreamed of as yet. 

But there are definite limitations which make 
it wise to follow a different course in studying 
a place through the stereoscope than the tourist 
would on his actual visit. For instance, a 
guide-book for a tourist is written on the as¬ 
sumption that he will move from one obiect 
to another as he views them. The series of 
stereographs upon a certain city like Rome, 
however, must be limited. A person is able to 
stand, say, in fifty definite places in Rome— 
no more, no less. Obviously, under these con¬ 
ditions, it is wise to remain for a much longer 


Stereoscopic Photographs. 181 

time than the tourist would in each one of 
those definite positions, in order that we may 
take note of as many objects of interest as 
possible from a single standpoint. 

The whole aim of these maps and books 
is to make an intelligent “ visit ” to distant 
places through the stereoscope possible, to 
gather and furnish information for use right 
in connection with the object in the stereo¬ 
scope, just as information has heretofore been 
gathered and furnished for the use of the 
tourist in connection with the thing itself. 

We should recognize further that in pro¬ 
viding maps which give us exact knowledge 
of the location of the places we see in the 
stereoscope, and in furnishing historical and 
other information, it is evident we are doing 
for these representations no more than we 
should have to do for the places themselves 
when travelling. But since these stereographs 
are only representations, and since our ob¬ 
ject is to forget that they are representa¬ 
tions and to have prompted within us while 
we look at them the consciousness of the 
real place and its surroundings, we find we are 
helped in obtaining this result if we do 
some things in connection with the representa¬ 
tions that we would not do in connection with 
the place. Generally it can be said that we 
shall need to make some effort on our own 
part at first to get into the proper state of 
mind. The reason for this can be easily shown. 
Not a little of the benefit of actual travel is 
due to the stimulus that comes from being 
among new and strange scenes. We can’t 
help but be all alive. We take the trouble to 
g;o here and there to get our bearings with rela¬ 
tion to our surroundings, to read historical 
notes and sketches, to think back into the past. 
But, on the other hand, we come to a picture 
immediately from our home surroundings and 
home atmosphere. Sitting in our chair and 
holding a stereoscope are indeed common¬ 
place, everyday activities, as far as our bodies 
are concerned. And so, though the representa¬ 
tion of Rome does stretch away in infinite per¬ 
fection before our eyes, we look at it languidly. 


182 Extraordinary Results from 

Coming in an instant from our everyday life, 
and without the excitements of actual travel, 
it is impossible for the representation of itself 
at once to chain our careless and indifferent 
attention and force upon us the proper states 
of consciousness. In coming to a stereoscopic 
scene in this way, it should be expected that 
at first we would not be drawn with the same 
intense interest. We must recognize, if we 
are to have anything like the experiences that 
it is possible for us to have in connection 
with stereoscopic photographs, and, for that 
matter, in connection with any picture, that 
generally we must give our minds an initial 
“ push ” from within. If, therefore, we under¬ 
stand what the trouble is when interest lags at 
first, and go ahead treating the representation 
as we would the place, getting our location 
from the maps and information about objects 
before us, then we find that the attitude of 
mind which we assumed in the beginning by 
sheer will power continues of itself. 

It is to give aid at this point that the author 
of a book to accompany stereographs assumes 
the role of a personal guide. According to 
this plan, he assumes in the case of each stere¬ 
ograph that he is standing with his fellow trav¬ 
ellers in the presence of the actual scene, and 
calls attention to the points of interest in these 
famous places in the first person, as he would 
in conversation. By this fresh and vivid way 
of putting things he can constantly suggest the 
desired state of mind. 

Noticing small details is another important 
means of securing the proper state of mind. 
Nothing is more effective in fixing a person’s 
attention, in making him entirely oblivious to 
his bodily surroundings, and giving him a vivid 
sense or consciousness of being in the very 
presence of the place itself. Often, therefore, 
it is wise to turn aside to notice spears of grass, 
grain in a stone, tiles, chimneys, a ragged coat 
or hat, not because of the particular importance 
these details might have in themselves, but for 
their effect in directing attention and calling 
out the proper states of consciousness. So it 
can be said that the endeavor should be to put 


Stereoscopic Photographs. 183 

what is written in the form of such “ exercises ” 
as would, if followed in the proper spirit, ac¬ 
cording to directions, induce the most definite 
states of consciousness, genuine experiences of 
location in those parts of the earth represented 
in the stereoscope. 


Finally, if it is possible for human beings 
to get in connection with representations of 
places the real, genuine experience (differing 
in the quantity, but not in the kind of feel¬ 
ing) that a person would get in the presence 
of the place itself, what a far - reaching 
significance this fact has! What a liberation 
of our real thinking and feeling selves from the 
conditions imposed on our material bodies! 
How many people are chained down to one 
spot of earth by the hard necessities of their 
lives? How many people look out to the ma¬ 
terial hills which bound their horizon and 
long for the experience of standing in the 
great places of the world of which they have 
heard? But to hundreds and thousands it has 
always seemed that such longings could never 
be satisfied, such dreams never fulfilled, because 
there was no way of knowing these experiences 
excepting at the great expense of actual travel 
in body. But this is not necessary. Such people 
may know for themselves the experience of 
standing in those places. No matter if their 
bodies do remain in the old accustomed scenes 
their states of soul may be in accordance with, 
their states of consciousness may be dominated 
by, what is far beyond their narrow horizon. 
They may learn not only absolutely final facts 
as to the way a distant place looks, but they 
may experience part, at least, of the very same 
emotions the place can stir. They may re¬ 
ceive into their souls the peculiar messages 
which a place in Italy or Greece or Switzer¬ 
land can give. They may have the inner ex¬ 
perience of location here and there all around 
the earth’s surface. 


The great possibilities of usefulness of 
Stereoscopic Photographs are now being 
recognized by leading educators. Think over 
the meaning of the following statements in 
regard to our Stereographs : 

I have been greatly pleased with Messrs. Underwood & 
Underwood’s series of stereoscopic photographs of Egypt, 
and with the ingenious instrument for seeing them. The 
photographs have been selected with great skill, and are 
admirably illustrative of Egypt, both ancient and modern. 
Each of them is a study in itself ; it is at once clear, artistic 
and well chosen. I cannot conceive of anything better, 
either for educational purposes or for preserving a per¬ 
manent memorial of the country and its inhabitants.— 
Archibald Henry Sayce (M.A., L.L.D., D.D.), Fellow of 
Queen’s College ; Professor of Assyriology, Oxford Univer¬ 
sity. Prof. Sayce is considered the ablest and best known 
Egyptologist living. 


There is nothing more appropriate for giving object 
lessons in geography, archaeology, history of arts, etc., 
than stereoscopic photographs. One look through the 
stereoscope at the photographs of an Alpine glacier, the 
bas-reliefs of an ancient Egyptian temple, or the ruins of 
Pompeii, teaches more than hours spent in hearing or 
reading descriptions. There is no simpler and better 
means of keeping accurate record of a situation (scenery, 
apparatus, etc.) than a stereoscopic photograph, and 
indeed the stereoscopic camera has been employed in this 
way in my laboratory for some time.—A. Kirschmann 
(Ph.D., Director Psychological Department, University of 
Toronto, Toronto, Can.). 


It does not seem possible to conceive a better substitute 
for an actual journey through Palestine than that devised 
by Messrs. Underwood & Underwood. The maps and 
descriptions are such an excellent guide, and the views as 
seen through the stereoscope are so realistic, that one who 
will follow the directions given, and who has the patience 
to look intently upon the scene before him, and with full 
consciousness of its import, may feel that he is actually 
standing upon the sacred hills over which the Saviour 
trod and gazing upon real scenes illuminated with eternal 
significance.—(Signed) Samuel Weir (Ph.D.), formerly 
Professor of Philosophy in the School of Pedagogy, New 
York University. 


I am very glad of the opportunity of having some more 
of your wonderful stereoscopic views. The same pictures, 
if printed in the illustrated papers, are so flat and lifeless. 
In your views everything is alive.—Benjamin Curtis, of 
Curtis & Cameron, Publishers of Copley Prints, Boston. 
Mass. 


UNDERWOOD & UNDERWOOD 
New York and London 





UNDERWOOD 
STEREOSCOPIC TOURS 

The Underwood “Tours” of Original Stereoscopic 
Photographs are put up in neat leatherette cases, as in¬ 
dicated below, and the stereographs are arranged in the 
order a tourist would visit the actual places. 

Our improved Aluminum-Mahogany Stereoscope sells 
for 90 cents. This is not included in the prices given be¬ 
low. A higher priced stereoscope can be furnished if 
desired. 

The “Traveling in the Holy Land” Tour—100 Orig¬ 
inal Stereoscopic Photographs, descrip live book, in 
cloth, by Dr. J. L. Hurlbut, with new Patent Map System 
and Leatherette Case,—$17.60. 

The “Jerusalem” Tour (a part of the “Traveling in 
the Holy Land ” Tour)—27 Stereoscopic Photographs, de¬ 
scriptive pamphlet, with new Patent Map and case,— 
$ 4 -S°- 

The Russian Tour—100 Original Stereoscopic Photo¬ 
graphs, descriptive book, in cloth, by M. S. Emery, with 
new Patent Map System and Leatherette Case,—$17.60. 

The “St. Petersburg” Tour (a part of the Russian 
Tour)—39 Stereoscopic Photographs, descriptive book 
with five Patent Maps and Case,—$6.50. 

The “ Moscow ” Tour (a part of the Russian Tour)—27 
Stereoscopic Photographs, descriptive book with three 
Patent Maps and Case,—$4.50. 

The Italian Tour—100 Original Stereoscopic Photo¬ 
graphs and Leatherette Case,—$16.60. Descriptive book, 
with maps, soon to be published. 

The “Rome” Tour (a part of the Italian Tour)—46 
Stereoscopic Photographs, descriptive book by Dr. D. J. 
Ellison, with new Patent Map System and Leatherette 
Case, $7.65. 

The “Egypt and its Wonders” Tour—100 Original 
Stereoscopic Photographs—descriptive book, in cloth, and 
Leatherette Case,—$16.60. 

The Chinese Tour—100 Original Stereoscopic Photo¬ 
graphs and Leatherette Case,—$16.60. Descriptive book, 
with maps, soon to be published. 

The Swiss Tour—100 Original Stereoscopic Photo¬ 
graphs and Leatherette Case,—$16.60. Descriptive book, 
with maps, in preparation. 

The French Tour—72 Original Stereoscopic Photo- 
| graphs and Leatherette Case,—$12.00. 

The “Paris Exposition” Tour—60 Original Stereo¬ 
scopic Photographs, Map with new Patent System and 
Description, and Leatherette Case, $10.00. 

The Spanish Tour—100 Original Stereoscopic Photo¬ 
graphs and Leatherette Case,—$16.00. 

The Portuguese Tour—60 Original Stereoscopic Photo¬ 
graphs and Leatherette Case,—$10.00. 

The German Tour—84 Original Stereoscopic Photo- 
i graphs and Leatherette Case,—$14.00. 

I The Austrian Tour—84 Original Stereoscopic Photo¬ 
graphs and Leatnerette Case,—$14.00. 

The “Great Britain” Tour—72 Original Stereoscopic 
j Photographs and Leatherette Case,—$12.00. 

The Scandinavian Tour—100 Original Stereoscopic 
Photographs and Leatherette Case,—$16.60. 








The Grecian Tour—7 2 Original Stereoscopic Photo¬ 
graphs and Leatherette Case,—$12.00. 

The Japanese Tour-72 Original Stereoscopic Photo¬ 
graphs and Leather' tte Case,—$12.00, 

The “ United States ” T« ur No. 1—100 Original Stereo¬ 
scopic Photogr phs and Leatherette Case.—$16 60. 

The “ United States ” Tour No. 2—200 Original Stereo¬ 
scopic Photographs in Leatherette Cases,—$33.20. 

The “ Philippine ” Tour—100 Original Stereoscopic 
Photographs and Leatheret e Cas>*,—$16.60. 

The Cuban and Porto kican Set— 100 Original Stereo¬ 
scopic Photographs and Leatherette Case, —$16.60. 

The Spanish-American War Set —100 Original Stereo¬ 
scopic Photographs and Leatherette Case,—$16.60. (A set 
of 72 and Case, —$12.00.) 

The /lexican Tour—100 Original Stereoscopic Photo¬ 
graphs and Leatherette Case,—$16.60. 

The British-Boer War Set—100 Original Stereoscopic 
Photographs and Leatherette Case,—$16.60. 

The “Trip Around the World” Tour—72 Original 
Stereoscopic Photographs, with Descriptive Book and 
Leatherette Case,—$12 00. 

The “Niagara Falts ” Tour—30 Original Stereoscopic 
Photographs and Leatherette Case,—$5.00. (Descriptive 
book with maps now being prepared.) 

“ President McKinley ” Set No. 1, containing 12 Stereo 
graphs in a neat case, $2.00. 

“ President McKinley ” Set No. 2, containing 24 Stereo 

graphs in a neat case. $4.00. 

4 President HcKinley ” Set No. 4, containing 48 Sterec 
granhs in a neat Leatherette Case, with descriptiv* 
book, $8.50 

“ President flcKinley ” Set No. 5, containing 60 Sterec 
graphs in a neat Leatherette Case, with descriptiv 
book. $10.50, or in a genuine leather case, velvet lined 
with inscription stamped in silver, $12.00. 

Other interesting and instructive tours can be made up 
from our large collection of stereographs always in stock. 

We advise our customers to purchase complete series on 
the countries they may be interested in. One hundred 
Stereoscopic Photographs of one country will generalh 
give much better satisfaction than the same number scat, 
tered over several countries. Many of our patrons are 
placing all of our Educational Stereoscopic Tours in their 
homes alongside of the standard works in their libraries. 
Schools and public libraries are finding our Stereographs 
very helpful in their work. The United States Govern 
ment considers them so valuable that all Educational 
Tours published to date, with the new Underwood Exten 
sion Cabine\ were rec ntly purchased for the U. S. Mill 
tary Academy at West Point. 

When two or more of the “ioo’’ tours are wanted, we 
recommend the “ New Underwood Extension Cabinet,” 
— he only practical Stereograph Cabinet in existence. It 
can be “built up” from time to time as desired, holding 
from 200 to 2.000 Stereographs, or more. 

We shall be pleased to send to any one interested our 
book on “ The Stereoscope and Stereoscopic Photographs” 
by Dr. Oliver Wendell Holmes. 

UNDERWOOD & UNDERWOOD, 

Fifth Ave. and 19th St., New York. 

R D- 12 4 































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A <*■ ' / A WORLD LEADER IN COLLECTIONS PRESERVATION 

A o h a ^ * ' 111 Thomson Park Drive 

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